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Chapter 7 Trichology Salon Fundamentals

Terms in this set (163)

The cells of the hair bulb are

The hair fiber or strand

The technical name for the study of hair

The main purposes of hair are

adornment and protection from heat, cold and injury.

In fetal life, the hair follicle forms from a

Cluster of cells in the upper layers of skin

primitive hair germ,

needs nourishment to grow into a fully developed hair follicle.

a follicle or tube-like "pocket"

hair will grow out of the

At the base of the hair follicle is a large structure called the

A round follicle

An oval follicle

An elliptical follicle

Two Primary Parts of Hair

The hair root The hair fiber

is the portion of hair that is inside the hair follicle under the skin's surface

sometimes referred to as the hair shaft or strand is the portion of the hair that extends above the skin's surface.

The hair follicle that produces a tightly curled hair has a

flattened, elliptical shape.

The papilla is filled with capillaries (small blood vessels) that supply nourishment to the cells around it, called

germinal matrix cells

the area of the bulb where cell division (mitosis) takes place

The germinal matrix

the outer covering of the hair shaft made of overlapping layers of transparent scales

Cortex-the second layer consisting of unique protein structures (gives hair most of its pigment and strength elasticityl)

the central core of the hair shaft, also called the pith or marrow (often absent in fine or very fine hair)

The sebaceous, or oil, glands

produce sebum (oil) and send it up through the hair follicles to the surface of the skin to prevent the hair and skin from becoming too dry.

Sebum mixes with the body's perspiration to form the acid mantle

Why is the acid mantle important

it protects the cuticle, or outer covering, of the hair fiber and maintains the acid balance of hair and skin.

The pili muscle

from cells in the dermis that attach to the follicle just below the sebaceous gland.

What muscle causes hair to stand on end when a person is scared or cold

The arrector pili muscle

Keratinization that

Is a process whereby cells change their shape, dry out and form keratin protein

Hair is made up primarily of

The anagen stage

during which time each hair bulb has an attached root sheath. On the average 90 percent of a person's hair is in this stage which lasts from two to six years. Hair color is darker during this stage.

The catagen stage

when all cell division stops. This stage lasts only a few weeks.

The telogen stage

when each hair bulb has no attached root sheath. At this time the hair falls out. On the average 10 to 15 percent of hair is in the resting stage, which generally lasts three to four months. Eventually, cell division is again stimulated, producing new hair, and the growth cycle starts again.

In humans, the average rate of hair growth is

Heredity, environment, products or appliances

The three factors that affect the behaviour of the hair

The protective layer of the hair shaft and is made up of harder protein than the cortex

is a hard, resistant layer of protein compared with the soft, elastic quality of the cortex.

Coarse hair has more

Fine hair has a thicker

a pigment called (blank) gives skin and hair their colour

is produced by melanocytes, cells that exist among the dividing cells within the hair bulb

rest near the hair bulb's nourishment center, the dermal papilla, and form bundles of a pigment protein complex called melanosomes

What in the human body determines the amount and type of melanin produced by the melanocytes

This produces melanosomes which contain the pigment melanin

is brown/black in color

is red/yellow in color

If the amount of pheomelanin is very concentrated and near the cuticle layer, the hair color will appear more

People with very dark, black hair may even have melanin in the

lighter hair has melanin only in the

When there is a total lack of pigmentation in the hair and skin the resulting condition is called

Gray hair grows from the (blank) with the gray color

individual hair needs

Becoming familiar with your clients' hair prior to any service will allow you to support their:

The degree of coarseness or fineness in the hair fiber referred to as:

The density of the hair is judged by the number of active hair follicles per (blank blank) on the scalp.

the ability of the hair to absorb moisture, liquids and chemicals.

Resistant porosity

describes hair that is able to absorb the least amount of moisture, usually due to the closeness of the cuticle layers. is also called "poor porosity."

Average porosity

describes hair with the normal ability to absorb moisture. Such hair is in good condition, suitable for most services.

Extreme porosity

Such describes hair that is damaged from chemical services, such as overprocessing or the environment. Hair with this porosity is not in good condition and would require treatments prior to chemical services.

Uneven porosity

is a combination of two or more different porosities.

Hair elasticity

the ability of hair to stretch and return to its original shape without breaking. is also referred to as resiliency.

is capable of being stretched about one fifth 20 % of its length

is able to be stretched 40 % to 50 % of its length

This protects the inside of the strand, which is called the cortex.

combing and brushing (example) is one way in which the cuticle can be damaged.

the most common causes of (blank blank) is excessive stretching or traction.

The technical term for broken hair is

abraded cuticle

One of the most common types of cuticle damage is called an

Is wet hair or dry hair more fragile

fragilitis crinium

The technical terms for split ends are

Split ends start as small cracks in the cuticle that deepen into the

pilica polonica

Another word for matting

(Blank) or knotted hair, is characterized by the presence of lumps or swelling along the hair shaft

is the name given to grayness or whiteness of the hair.

When alternating bands of gray and dark hair exist, the conditon is referred to as

describes an abnormal coverage of hair on areas of the body where normally only lanugo or babyfine hair appears.

hirsuties or superfluous hair

Hypertrichosis is also referred to as

Beads or nodes formed on the hair shaft is a condition referred to as

Mechanical damage

What type of damage results from the incorrect use of styling tools.

Usually, if the cortex is damaged, the (blank) has been damaged too.

Red, circular patch of small blisters caused by a vegetable parasite

Medical term for Ringworm

Ringworm of the Scalp

Enlarged open hair follicles that are surrounded by clusters of red spots (papules); hair is likely to break in area infected; black spots may also be visible

Medical Term for Ringworm of the Scalp

Honeycomb Ringworm

Dry, yellow, encrusted areas on the have a peculiar odor; shiny pink or alp called scutula (SKUT-u-la); may white scars may result

Medical Term for Honeycomb Ringworm

Red and watery vesicles or pus-filled areas caused by an animal parasite (itch mite) burrowing under the skin.

Medical Term for Itch Mite

Infestation of head lice on the scalp causing itching and eventual infection

Pediculosis Capitis

Medical Term for Head Lice

Thick, crusty patches of red irritated scalp resulting from an autoimmune disease of the skin

Chronic scalp condition with excessive flaking, which accumulates on the scalp or falls to the shoulders, as well as itchiness, tightness and irritation of the scalp

Medical Term for Dandruff

Dry flakes attached to the scalp or on the hair which can appear translucent

Pityriasis Capitis Simplex

Medical Term for Dry Dandruff

Greasy or Waxy Dandruff

Dry flakes attached to the scalp or on the hair which can appear translucent

Pityriasis Steatoides

Medical Term for Greasy or Waxy Dandruff

Honeycomb Ringworm

Dry, yellow, encrusted areas on the scalp called scutula (SKUT-u-la); may have a peculiar odor; shiny pink or white scars may result

Medical Term for Honeycomb Ringworm

NUMBER OF HAIRS ON HEAD RED

NUMBER OF HAIRS ON HEAD BROWN

NUMBER OF HAIRS ON HEAD BLACK

NUMBER OF HAIRS ON HEAD BLOND

There is an average of (blank) hairs to a square inch on the average head.

Leading cause of dandruff is a naturally occurring microscopic fungus called

is the term assigned to this baby fine, silky hair which is shed shortly after birth.

is short, fine, non-pigmented hair found more abundantly on women.

Certain follicles are predetermined to produce long, thick pigmented hair, like normal scalp and eyebrow hair. This hair is referred to as (blank) hair and replaces vellus hair around the time of puberty

40 to 100 strands

the average daily hair loss.

(Blank) or excessive hair loss, may be caused by a fungal or bacterial infection or inflammatory disease of the scalp This abnormal condition occurs in both men and women.

androgenetic alopecia

The most common form of alopecia is

androgenetic alopecia

Causes progressive shrinking or miniaturization of certain scalp follicles. The shrinking causes a shortening of the hairs growing cycle. What type of alopecia is this?

androgenctic alopecia

known as male-pattern baldness and frequently progresses to the familiar horseshoe- shaped fringe of hair.

Alopecia prematura

refers to baldness that occurs early in life, beginning as early as late adolescence.

Postpartum Alopecia

This temporary hair loss at the conclusion of pregnancy is caled:

Postpartum Alopecia

During pregnancy, hair stays longer in the anagen cycle. Then, after childbirth, these hairs enter the telogen phase. Many women become concerned about this "sudden" loss of hair. But, actually, loss of hair is the result of the body's hormonal balance returning to its previous state. It isn't l ong until the amount of hair seems balanced again.

Alopecia Areata

Sudden loss of hair in round or irregular patches without display of an inflamed scalp is referred to as:

alopecia areata totalis

A form of alopecia areąta that presents itself as total loss of hair on the scalp is

alopecia areata universalsis

presents itself as loss of hair over the entire scalp and body

Telogen Effluvium

Premature shedding of hair in the resting phase (telogen) can result from various causes such as childbirth, shock, drug intake, fever, etc. This premature shedding of hair during the resting phase is called:

Traction or Traumatic Alopecia

Hair loss due to repetitive traction on the hair by pulling or twisting is called:

Traction or Traumatic Alopecia

This hair loss is often caused by mechanical damage. However, it can also be caused by chemical damage, such as the excessive application of permanent wave solutions. This condition is usually reversed once the trauma has stopped.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

has ruled that products claiming hair regrowth or hair loss prevention cannot be marketed without prior review and approval.

overall client satisfaction

The safety, comfort and protection of the client's skin, hair and clothing are all part of the salon professional's responsibility and important considerations for:

Pedliculosi's Capitis

What is the technical term for head lice ?

what is the technical term for dandruff?

what is the term for grey hair?

what is the technical term for hair loss?

What is the technical term for Knoted hair

What is the technical term for Hypertrichosis

What is another term for Monilthrix

Trichorrilexis nodosa

What is the technical term for nodules

dry and brittle

Shampoos with a high pH level can make the hair

for dry brittle hair what shampoo would be recommended?

(Blank) is rain water or water that has been chemically treated.

This water contains minerals and does not allow the shampoo to lather freely. However, it can be softened by a chemical water softening process.

involves manipulations performed on the scalp to relax the muscles and stimulate blood circulation.

Movement: Light, gliding strokes or circular motions made with the palms of the hands or pads of the fingertips; often used to begin and/or end a treatment; also used on the face, neck and arms.
Effect: relaxing, soothing

Light or heavy kneading and rolling of the muscles.
Effect: Deep stimulation of muscles, nerves and skin glands: promotes the circulation of blood and lymph

Light tapping or slapping movement applied with the fingers or partly flexed fingers; also used on the arms. back and shoulders
Effect: stimulates nerves, promotes muscle contraction, increases blood circulation

Circular movement with no gliding used on the scalp or with a facial when less pressure is desired; applied with the fingertips or palms
Effect: stimulates nerves, increases blood curculation

Shaking movement: your arms shake as you touch the client with your fingertips or palms
Effect: highly stimulating

effleurage, petrissage and tapotement are the three primary scalp manipulations, with (blank) being the most important

This manipulation stimulates the sebaceous glands, which produce natural oil (sebum). This oil is often lacking in the case of dry hair and scalp.

applying shampoo

Which of the following steps would occur last when performing a wet hair service inclusive of shampooing and conditioning?

Wet hair is able to be stretched to what percent of its length?

only a few weeks

Catagen, a brief transitional phase, lasts for what amount of time?

helps protect the hair and skin from becoming too dry

protection from injury

adornment , protection from cold and what are the three main purposes of hair

Red, watery vesicles or pus-filled areas caused by an tch mite burrowing under the skin are known as:

androgenetic alopecia

The most common form of hair loss in both men and women is:

When looking through a microscope, which portion of the hair would display living cells?

pityriasis steatoides

The medical term for greasy or waxy dandruff is:

Abrasion of the hair can occur from loss of pigment in the hair as the person ages. True of false?

The diameter of coarse hair is much smaller than the diameter of fine hair. True or False

One guideline when draping the client involves having the neckband of a plastic cape touch the client's neck. True or False

The follicle in straight or wavy hair has a flattened, eliptical shape. True or False

A therapeutic effect to scalp aromatherapy includes relieving flaking associated with dryness or dandruff. True or False

The degree of coarseness or fineness in the hair is referred to as:

The technical term for the study of hair is:

Many regulating agencies require a (blank blank) to ensure the cape does not come in contact with the client's skin.

The process in which cells change their shape, dry out and form keratin protein is known as

The active growing stage during which time the hair grows and is attached to a root sheath is called the (blank) stage.

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