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Chemistry and the Cell

Terms in this set (34)

Atomic number = ....
number of protons
Atomic mass = ....
# of protons + neutrons
An atom that loses an electron becomes...
positively charged

(cation)
AN atom that gains an electron becomes...
negatively charged

(anion)
What are ionic bonds?
transfer of electrons
What are covalent bonds?
sharing of electrons
A non-polar covalent bond shares the electrons....
equally
A polar covalent bond shares the electrons...
unequally
What are hydrogen bonds?
The result of the attraction for a hydrogen atom by a highly electronegative element.
What reactions are exergonic?
catabolic
What reactions are endergonic?
anabolic
What compound usually lacks carbon?
inorganic
What compound usually has carbon?
organic
How is a solution made?
A solute is dissolved into a solvent
all eukaryotic cells are composed of what 3 main parts?
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Wha are the structures of the plasma membrane?
phospholipid bilayer
Integral proteins (transmembrane and peripheral)
What are the different kinds of membrane proteins?
enzymes
linkers
cell identity markers
Is diffusion active or passive transport?
passive
What is osmosis?
movement of water from a higher conc. to a lower conc.
What is a hypotonic solution?
the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell so water moves into the cell
What is a hypertonic solution?
The solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell so water moves out of the cell
Antiporters can carry 2 substances across the membrane going which direction?
one in one out
importers can carry 2 substances across the membrane going in which direction?
both going into the cell
Vesicles can transport materials into a cell via which mechanisms?
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Transcytosis
The cytoskeleton is made up of what kinds of filaments?
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
Microtubules
What is the role of ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis
Where are ribosomes found?
on the rough ER
What is the role of the rough ER?
protein synthesis
What is the role of the smooth ER?
detoxifies
synthesizes fatty acids
What is the role of the golgi complex? What portion of the golgi complex in particular does this?
modifies/sorts/packs proteins for transport

cisternae
What happens during transcription?
A DNA segment is copied into an RNA strand
What happens during translation?
tRNA attaches to mRNA and begins coding for amino acids
What are the stages of mitosis?
G1
interphase
G2
Mitotic
phase(PMAT)
Cytokinesis
What are the stages of meiosis?
meiosis 1 and 2 (each phase goes through PMAT)
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