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Social Science
Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
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Terms in this set (94)
Primary Memory
short term, the degree of relationship of stored info to consciousness, very consciously aware or short term
Secondary Memory
not consciously aware of long term memories unless try to be, long term
Chunking
taking info that belongs together and grouping it so that is it easier to remember
Sensory Memory
short duration store for sensory info
Echoic: auditory, 3-4 seconds
Iconic: visual, 1/10 second
Haptic: smell, 2 seconds
Implicit Memory
unaware of it, ex: how to tie a shoe
Explicit Memory
aware of it
Semantic Memory
dates of events, details
Episodic Memory
pertaining to events in your own life
Short Term Memory
in hippocampus, info gets lost or stored in cortex, use rehearsal or memory strategies to move to long term memory
Long Term Memory
stored in cortex, if need to remember something then hippocampus retrieves info to bring to consciousness
Ebbinghaus (1885)
used himself as a subject, memorized nonsense syllables because if use real words it contaminates your memory, went back and relearned lists, looked for methods of saving.
Learning curve: takes time to get it at first, then each subsequent time gets better until a point when start forgetting
Retention Curve: over time you stop forgetting
George Miller (1950s)
pioneer of cognitive revolution, thought that human mind was interesting
Magical #7: plus or minus two, number of terms a person can hold in short term memory
took people and gave them lists of varying lengths and most people could remember 7 at a time
Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
Standard model of memory:
Brown (1958) Peterson (1959)
wanted to find out how long info could staying their memory without rehearsal
subjects have to remember three letters and then count backwards by three
info in short term memory decays over time, duration of short term memory is 18 seconds, didn't take into account that counting is interference
Proactive Interference
Each additional time you do something, performance declines because info tried to remember on first trial is interfering with new info/ old info interferes with making of new memories (new vs old bf)
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Verified questions
QUESTION
Researchers studying the links among emotion, stress, and memory have discovered that a. emotion blocks memory, and it is generally true that we are unable to recall highly emotional events. b. excitement tends to increase the chance that an e vent will be remembered, but stress decreases the chance that an event, will be remembered. c. stress tends to increase the chance that an event will be remembered, but excitement decreases the chance that an event, will be remembered. d. both stress and emotion make events harder to remember. e. both stress and emotion make events more memorable.
PSYCHOLOGY
Researchers are interested in finding out if winning Congressional candidates display more positive facial expressions than losing candidates. The researchers attend political debates and record how frequently each candidate displays positive facial expressions. Which research method are the researchers using? a. Random sample, b. Case study, c. Naturalistic observation, d. Survey, e. Interview.
PSYCHOLOGY
Damage to which of the following could interfere with the ability to plan for the future? a. Frontal lobe. b. Temporal lobe. c. Parietal lobe. d. Occipital lobe. e. Somatosensory cortex.
PSYCHOLOGY
Isabel writes that Jenny’s personality did not change as she aged, but became more difficult. Do you think that it is possible for a person to change his or her personality? Explain.
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