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Plumbing Systems

Terms in this set (43)

Inertia
A property of matter which it continues in its existing state of rest or in uniform motion, unless that is changed by an external force. Example: inertia is the reason why people often go through a windshield when I a car is stopped in a crash. Because of inertia, a shock occurs whenever moving water is forced by an elk to change its direction of flow.
The relation between pressure and velocity
The faster the flow- the lower the pressure. The slower the flow- the higher the pressure.
Example
Water moving at a steady rate of flow always has the same ampunt of energy, some of which shows up in the form of pressure. Since the totsl amount of energy never changes, the only way velocity can increase itself is by using up some of the pressure.
Water back (water heating devices)
Constructed of cast iron installed in wood or coal ranges
Coal heater
Built of cast iron with hollow water jacket, good for hotels, schools and factories; used in connection with a storage tank
Gas heater
Called side arm heater, also used in conjunction with furnace coil to be used during warm weather; coil is made of type K soft copper; installed with gas burner placed under the could, also cast iron chamber in one piece; must be equipped with a vent to the chimney
Instantaneous water heater
High cost of operation used mostly in barber shops, motels, hair salons or when hot water is needed for short intervals. The consists of cast iron body in which many feet of copper type "k" are installed. It operates by means of gas and water valves which open and close as the water is drawn
storage water heater
Automatic storage heater operated by gas or electricity. They are made in various sizes and also different types of automatic controls. The boilers are made with heavy galvanized steel or glass-lined, black steel installed with a Bunsen burner; flue required : also available with magnesium rod, to eliminate rust
Electric heater
One or two elements controlled by thermostats; when two are used the lower element maintains a constant temperature, while the above speeds recovery; low cost
Backflow
Unwanted reverse flow of contaminants through a cross-connection into a potable water system. It occurs when the pressure in the potable water supply drops below the pressure of the contaminated supply. There are two types of backflow conditions. Back pressure and back-siphonage
BACKPRESSURE
Occurs when the user system is at a higher pressure than the supply water system allowing a undesirable substance to be pushed back into the potable water system. Causes can be booster pumps, potable system connections for boilers, interconnections with other piping systems operation at a higher pressure, and higher elevations in user systems such as a high rise
Back siphonage
Occurs when negative or reduced pressure exists in the supply piping allowing undesirable substance to be drawn into the potable water supply. Causes can be undersized supply piping, supply line breaks, reduced supply systen pressure on the suction side of an on-line booster pump, sudden upstream high demand
Pertaining to valves what does RP stand for?
Reduced Pressure valve
List 5 ways to prevent water hammer
1.valves and devices that do not cause sudden stoppage of flow
2.maintain low velocity in piping by adequate sizing
3.dampen vibration with good supports and increase pipe insulation
4.maintain loose washers, spindles, etc
5. Avoid valves on the ends of long pipe runs
1 PSI = ___ kpA
6.895
Pertaining to valves what does AVB stand for and can it be under continuous pressure?
Atmospheric Vacuum breaker and no it cannot be. Also, possible back pressure may occur.
The simplified method of sizing water supply piping can only be used for buildings containing one or two dwelling units or row houses with separate water services, provided the following 2 main conditions apply: (there are more A-2.6.3.4(5) )
1.The total length of the pipe from the property line (curb stop) to the most remote fixture does not exceed 90 meters
2. The status water pressure at the water service entry to the building is a minimum 200 kpA or 30 psi
Pertaining to valves, what does DC stand for and what is it's flaw?
Double check valve, and high hazard cross connection.
Pertaining to valves what does PVB stand for and what is its flaw(s)
Pressure vacuum breaker, and possible back pressure can occur.
Pertaining to valves what does DuC stand for and what is it's flaw(s)?
Dual check valve, and high hazard cross connection.
Pertaining to valves, what does DCAP stand for and what is it's flaw(s)?
Dual check with atmospheric port and high hazard cross connection may occur.
When looking at the components of a Residential water system what must be above the first line?
Curb box which contains curb stop valve.
When looking at the components of a residential water system what is the component called that comes off the water main?
Corporation coupling and valve
When looking at the components of a residential water system, what components are located inside the building?
Water meter stop valve and the water meter
Pertaining to W.C. In a newer flush system the critical level mark (C. I.) must be how many inch(s) above the overflow pipe
1"
How can the level of water in a flush tank be controlled?
Adjusting the lever which has the float mounted on the end.
The flush tank of a water closet is provided with two valves to accomplish its purpose. What are these valves called?
Fill valve and flush valve
What is the purpose of a plumbing orifice?
Plumbing orifice or P.O. Is used to control the water flow to the basin
What promotes turbulence in the flow of water?
Rapid flow, large pipe diameters, and low temperatures
Standard height of a showered head
6' 6" or 2M above the floor
Standard height of tub spout is
5" to 6" above flood level of tub
Standard height of tub valve is
10" above the spout
Describe Ferrous Metals
Alloy steel, carbon steel, cast iron and wrought iron. All have high carbon content which generally makes them vulnerable to rust when exposed to moisture. Wrought iron resists rust due to its purity and stainless steel is protected from rust by the presence of chromium. Most ferrous metals are magnetic which makes it very useful for motor or electric applications.
Non-ferrous metal
Metal containing no iron such as copper, lead, zinc and tin. Their main advantage is their malleability. Since they have no iron they have a higher resistance to rust and corrosion, lastly they're non-magnetic which is important for many electronic and wiring applications
Compression faucet
This type of faucet uses washers or seals that are repeatedly torqued down which will most likely cause a drip. When they do the result is relentless dripping that can corrode fixtures, stain sink bowls and waste a lot of water.
Disc, cartridge and ball faucets
This type of faucet(s) don't utilize the same types of compression washers. Far less prone to drip from the spout. The too have moving parts sealed by o-rings, evidenced by leaking from the base of the faucet.
What're two types of water supply fittings that are used on kitchen sinks and lav's
Compression and ball type quarter turn
Stand
...
Standard height of a basin
31"
Standard height of a kitchen sink
36"
Standard centre of waste fitting rough-in for a standard tank type WC
12"
What is the cause of backflow?
It occurs when the pressure in the potable water supply drops below the pressure in the contaminated water supply.
What're the two types of back flow?
Back-pressure and back-siphonage
What're the three fire stop principles
1.prevention
2.active suppression (fire extinguisher, sprinklers, system maintenance)
3.passive containment (compartmentalization)
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