What are monocytes? Where are they found?macrophages, found in site of infectionWhat are the 2 types of lymphocytes?
What is there function?B cells- release antibodies that kill pathogens
T cells- create the antibodiesWhat is the function of platelets? How does it do this?
What is the strucutre? Where is it made?blood clotting, helps the broken blood vessels bind together again
fragments of cells, no nucleus
white bone marrowHow do plateles help in clot formation after an injury?It changes an inactive form of fibrinogen to fibrinWhat is the function of fibrin in blood clotting?Forms a web like structure around the injury, by clumping
traps blod cells until healing startswhat is the function of bone marrow cells?to tell cells apartWhat are antigens?
What are the 2 types? How does this connect to our blood types?glycoproteins found on red blood cells
A and B that can be found on RBC
A antigen- a blood
B antigen - b blood
AB antigen- ab blood
no antigen - o bloodwhat is the universal recipient?
What is the universal donor?A
OWhat is an anitbody?
What makes them?protein made to fight foreign proteins
WBCHow do antibodies work once discovered a foreign protein?they bind to it, causing it to clump (agglutionation)
WBC can then destroy them by phagocytosisWhat is the connection between types of antigens and anitbodies found in our body?we have opposite antigens to our antibodies so our body doesnt think our blood is forgeinWhat are the 5 types of blood vessels?arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veinsWhat is the function of ateries?
BP?
Where are they found? Structure?
What kind of muscle makes artiers?carry blood away from the heart
high
near bones, very thick and elastic structure
Smooth muscleWhat structures do arterioles have? What is the function?precapilary sphincters that moves blood into the capillary smoothly from the artieryWhat occurs at the cappilaries?
What is the structure of these?pre-capilary- fluid exchange of blood from the arterioles to the vennules
1 cell thickWhat is the function of the venules?drain blood from capillaries into veinswhat is the function of the veins?
BP?
Where are they found? What is there structure?
What muscle makes them up?to move blood back to the heart
Low BP
Thin, inelastic walls. Found near the surface of the skin
skeletal muscle
contain valves that help move the blood up, pushing it up the veins because BP is so lowWhat occurs at the artirole end of the capillary during exchange?
Why does this occur?
What is the cappilary left like after this step?Blood carrying O2 and nutrients moves into cappilary
the artiole pressure is higher then osmotic pressure (inside the capillary)
Water, O2, and nutrients flow outside into the cellular fluid
Leaving the capillary hyperosmotic (very concentrated with little liquid)What stays in the cappilary during exhcange? Why?plateletes, WBC, RBC, proteins
too bigWhat occurs on the venule side during capillary exchange?
Why does this occur?
Where does extra material go?water, CO2, and metabolic waste come back in from the cellular fluid around capillary
Osmotic pressure is higher inside then BP
extra waste goes into lymphatic systemWhat structures are found in the lymphatic system?Lymph veins and cappilaries
Lymph nodes
Lacteals
Vestigial structuresWhat is the function of lymph system?take up and cleans extra material from ECF
Fight infection
Transport material to subclevien veinWhat are the vestigial structures of the lymphatic system?
Purpose?fight infection
appendix, tonsils, spleen, thymus glandWhat functions do the lymph vein and cappilaris do ?Lymph cappilaries take of waste from the ECF surrounding capilaries
sends it to the veins
lymph veins transport cleaned waste to subclavien veinWhat is in the lymph veins?
Purpose?lymph nodes
cleanse material insideWhat is the function of the lacteals? Where is this material sent?absorb fatty acid and glyceral from vili of the small intestine
sends this material to the lymph veins
