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Canadian History up to 1867

Terms in this set (91)

Military Commandar and Administrator of Upper Canada
Sir Isaac Brock
Joined the army at age 15 and was from Southampton England
Sir Isaac Brock
Borrowed money from his brother to buy a commission as lieutenant which led his way to being regiments commanding officer
Sir Issac Brock
Came to Canada in 1802 with 49th Regiment and was promoted to to Major General in 1811
Sir Issac Brock
Appointed President of the executive council of Upper Canada (Administrator and Commander of the forces)
Sir Issac Brock
War of 1812 he took bold initiative of capturing the American Fort Michilimackinac
Sir Issac Brock
Created a mutual relationship with Tecumseh and became allies
Sir Issac Brock
He fought from the front-he would never ask men to go where he would not lead them
Sir Issac Brock
Took down Major General William Hull at Fort Detroit - achieved Americans to hang white flag and surrender- rare occasion from American military
Sir Issac Brock
Under pressure he made a rash decision on a direct attack to American soldiers who just took down Queenston Heights - he didn't wait for reinforcements
Sir Issac Brock
Was shot and killed at the battle of Queenston Heights
Sir Issac Brock
Was known as saviour of Upper Canada
Sir Issac Brock
He was a Cartographer - Explorer - Colonial Administrator - Author
Samuel Champlain
He explored the Atlantic Coast (Acadia) - Canada's interior (inland Ontario) - the Great Lake region
Samuel Champlain
Know as "Father of New France"
Samuel Champlain
Was Founder of French colonies in Acadia
Samuel Champlain
Played major roll in establishing New France 1603-1635
Samuel Champlain
Established friendly relations with Indigenous
Samuel Champlain
Founded Quebec City in 1608
Samuel Champlain
Chief individual responsible for administrating the colony of New France
Samuel Champlain
As of 1603 had a known Catholic Religion
Samuel Champlain
Landed in Canada in 1603 on a voyage up the St. Lawrence River - gave first detailed description of the area since Cartier's explorations
Samuel Champlain
In 1604 sailed to Acadian to establish colony - had no position of command - his task was searching class for ideal location to settle - acted as Indigenous Diplomat
Samuel Champlain
1608 established settlement at Quebec marking beginning of that city - it was also to help control Indigenous fur trade
Samuel Champlain
Set out with 80 voyagers to establish colony in Canada - built 3 story building - planted fields - but first winter was harsh killing off 3/4 of men
Samuel Champlain
Was taken prisoner in 1629 by English - treaty of Saint-Germain set him free and returned Quebec back to French
Samuel Champlain
Developed vast trade network with indigenous and assisted them in their wars against Iroquois
Samuel Champlain
Created the only writen documents of New France in 17th century
Samuel Champlain
Was a British Army Officer from England. He was the Commander that took Quebec in 1759
James Wolfe
He is known in Canadian history as a Legendary Figure - he was the man who took defeated Montcalm
James Wolfe
After taking Quebec in 1759 it marked beginning of British Rule in Canada
James Wolfe
Came to Canada in 1758 ranked as senior officer to take down Louisbourg
James Wolfe
He fought from the front with a distinguished and active role
James Wolfe
His relations with three senior officers and with the navy were marked by sharp disagreements
James Wolfe
His army established on the Plains of Abraham - forced Montcalm to attack - in short bloody battle British took French
James Wolfe
Was killed in battle of the Plains of Abraham
James Wolfe
We're American colonists who were loyal to British Empire, were of different ethnic backgrounds, who supported the Crown during American Revolution
Canadian Loyalists
Ten's of thousands migrated to Britain N.A. It boosted the population and led to creation of Upper Canada.
Loyalists
Thousands of this group including many indigenous served in British Militia
Loyalists
To be considered a _________________you had to be born or living in the 13 American Colonies at the outbreak of the Revolution. They rendered substantial service to Royal cause during war.
Loyalists
These people were manly recent immigrants who farmed, were labourers or tradespeople with their families
Loyalists
Some of this group came to Canada after gaining their freedom through the American Revolution after fighting for British Crown others came as slaves.
Black Loyalists
Why did British government pass the Imperial Statute of 1790?
Encourage White Loyalists to immigrate
They were instrumental in establishing education, religious, social and governmental institutions. They heavily influenced the political and cultural of what would become Canada.
Loyalists
New Brunswick and Cape Breton were created to accommodate influx of this group
Loyalists
The Maritime Provinces (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Cape Breton and P.E.I.) became home to this group
Loyalists
Financed though France King and first named by explorer Giovanni Verrazano
Acadia
Jacques Cartier did 3 voyager trips know as Norse Voyages to this place
Acadia
Samuel Champlain, a French colonist arrived in 1604 with 80 men to establish colony but winter was disastrous killing off 3/4 of men
Acadia
Irish took over throughout 1613-1632 and renamed it Nova Scotia
Acadia
1632 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye returned ownership to France
Acadia
They considered themselves neutral between French and English because they were passed in between them (1654 to England-1667 back to French-1690 Back to England-1697 to French-1713 left in hands of English)
Acadia
They mainly farmed-using a drainage technique of tide adaptable barriers-and raised livestock
Acadians
Their sustainability was hunting, fishing and trapping
Acadians
Their survival was due to Mi'kmaqs a indigenous people who had considerable influence on them and passed knowledge of the woods and land to them
Acadians
After war of Spanish Succession 1701-13 they chose not to relocate due to marsh lands that were vital to their agricultural system
Acadians
1713-44 was considered their golden age due to high population growth
Acadians
1729/30 English demanded unconditional loyalty but they only agreed on oath of neutrality
Acadians
1748 England pushed for true British Nova Scotia through treaty of Aix-la-chapelle-signed oath of loyalty was demanded
Acadians
1755 no loyalty oath was sighed and Lawrence executed deportation
Acadians
3/4 (approx. 10,000) were deported -many perished of hunger and disease or their exile ships sank
Acadians
The ones who survived ended up settling in New Brunswick
Acadians
Their lands were wanted by British settlers and Loyalists so they deported them
Acadians
1756-1763 first Global War -fought in Europe, India, and North America
Seven Year War
British and French rivalled for North America - French allied with Canadian militia + indigenous
Seven Year War
Early in war French did well by capturing Forts and defeating British attacks
Seven Year War
British started come back with 1758-captured Louisbourg 1759-captured Quebec City 1760-captured Montreal
Seven Year War
The Treaty of Paris ended war in 1763-formally ceding Canada to the British
Seven Year War
This war laid the bicultural foundation of Modern Canada
Seven Year War
1759 battle that defeated Plains of Abraham (Quebec City) killing Wolf and Montcalm
Seven Year War
The British Navy dominance was deciding factor in Battle of Plains of Abraham
Seven Year War
1761 king George ||| drive out war minister and peace negotiations began
Seven Year War
Treaty of Pairs 1763 made British loose control over American Colonies -gained Canada-which forced them to wanting true British Nova Scotia (Acadia)
Seven Year War
This war was crucial turning point in Canadian History
Seven Year War
This war laid the bicultural foundations for modern Canada and further influenced Canadian identity and boundaries.
Seven Year War
A two year war between British and USA the took place in Upper Canada, Lower Canada, the Great Lakes, the Atlantic, and United States
War of 1812
Peace Treaty of Ghent stoped war and returned boundaries back to status quo
War of 1812
For Canada war contributed to sense of National Identity - would one could say made them win
War of 1812
This war made indigenous suffer greatly -losers of war - lost many warriors and lost all hope of halting American expansion into the West. British forgot their allied indigenous contributions quickly
War of 1812
This war originated due to conflict in Europe and France that lasted two decades - British adopted measures that aggravated the U.S.A. Like forcing them to stop trade with French Europe and started searching American vessels looking for British deserters (even tried seizing American born) to service British ships in war
War of 1812
In declaring war belief was Canada would be easy capture; went as far as claiming the Canadians would welcome the invasion
War of 1812
Not all Americans wanted war but the "War Hawks" (congressmen) demanded war- many Americans blamed British for economic distress due to navy blockades-Americans also hated British perceived support for the Indigenous
War of 1812
The British were more prepared for war then Americans expected-thanks to preparation foresight of Issac Brock who also developed indigenous allies in prep for a conflict of this kind
War of 1812
This war forced various indigenous groups with longstanding differences to unite under Tecumseh to fight against American expansion to the west and a promised Aboriginal State (that never came to reality). It marked a end of a era for First Nations
War of 1812
Treaty of Ghent (1763) that ended war and returned control of Main Coast to Americans but war gave Canadians their first sense of community which laid foundation for their future nationhood
War of 1812
Starting off war British did well by capturing Michilimackinac Island/Detroit also forcing Americans to lose another army at Queenston Heights
War of 1812
Isaac Brock was killed in Queenston Heights and the First Nations held off American army for several hours out numbered 10 to 1 until backup arrived by the British
War of 1812
Coloured Corps (Black men) that we're veterans of the American Revolution formed militia groups that fought for British in the Battle of Queenston Heights and Fort George- these men only received 100 acres for their efforts (not even half of what whites received) and land was of poor quality
War of 1812
American forces attacked York (Toronto) the capital of Upper Canada. They used brutal tactics by burning buildings and seized valuables-they wanted the armoury and warships to control Great Lakes but the British burnt them down
War of 1812
The Battle of Thames scattered British troop and their indigenous allies. Tecumseh was killed in Battle of Thames and this ended the First Nations alliance
War of 1812
Lundy Lane Battle at Niagara campaign was the bloodiest and most important battles of the war-it was fought at night you couldn't tell friend from foe-this battle halted American advancement into Upper Canada
War of 1812
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