Pathophysiology Pharmacology Module

Nicotinic receptors are what kind of receptors?
a) muscarinic
b) adrenergic
c) cholinergic
d) dopaminergic
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Terms in this set (110)
Nicotinic receptors are what kind of receptors?
a) muscarinic
b) adrenergic
c) cholinergic
d) dopaminergic
c) cholinergic
Where are nicotinic receptors found?
a) in autonomic ganglia
b) at neuromuscular junctions
c) in the CNS
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
Activation of nicotinic receptors causes what in skeletal muscle?
a) bronchoconstriction
b) muscle contraction
c) bronchodilation
d) muscle reaction
b) muscle contraction
In the brain, what does activation of nicotinic receptors cause?
a) relaxation
b) no effect
c) excitation
d) none of the above
c) excitation
What type of receptor is muscarinic?
a) nicotinic
b) adrenergic
c) cholinergic
d) dopaminergic
c) cholinergic
How many receptor types does a muscarinic receptor have?
5
Where are M2 receptors found?
a) lungs
b) brain
c) skeletal muscle
d) heart
d) heart
What effect does an M2 receptor have?
a) bradycardia
b) tachycardia
c) apnea
d) tachypnea
a) bradycardia
Where are M3 receptors found?
a) bronchial and vascular smooth muscle
b) mucous glands
c) mast cells
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
What effect does activation of M3 receptors cause?
a) bronchoconstriction
b) increased mucous production
c) mast cell degranulation
d) all of the above
d) all of the above
What type of receptor is an alpha receptor? a) adrenergic b) cholinergic c) muscarinic d) nicotinica) adrenergicWhere are alpha 1 receptors found? a) peripheral vascular smooth muscle b) central smooth muscle c) lungs d) hearta) peripheral vascular smooth muscleWhat does activation of alpha 1 receptors cause? a) bradycardia b) vasoconstriction c) tachycardia d) vasodilationb) vasoconstrictionWhere are alpha 2 receptors found? a) peripheral vascular smooth muscle b) central smooth muscle c) lungs d) heartb) central smooth muscleWhat does activation of alpha 2 receptors cause? a) decreased norepinephrine release b) increased norepinephrine release c) vasodilation d) a and c e) b and cd) a and cWhat type of receptor is a beta receptor? a) cholinergic b) adrenergic c) muscarinic d) nicotinicb) adrenergicWhere are beta 1 receptors found? a) lungs b) skeletal muscle c) heart d) smooth musclec) heartStimulation of beta 1 receptors causes what? a) bradycardia and decreased stroke volume b) tachycardia and increased stroke volume c) bradycardia and decreased contractility d) tachycardia and increased contractilityd) tachycardia and increased contractilityWhere are B2 receptors found? a) lungs b) heart c) skeletal muscle d) bronchial and vascular smooth muscled) bronchial and vascular smooth muscleStimulation of beta 2 receptors causes what? a) bronchoconstriction b) bronchodilation c) vasoconstriction d) vasodilation e) a and c only f) b and d onlyf) b and d onlyWhat type of receptor is a dopaminergic receptor? a) adrenergic b) cholinergic c) muscarinic d) nicotinica) adrenergicDopamine is chemically similar to ________ and can stimulate ______ and _______ receptors.Norepinephrine, alpha, betaStimulation of dopaminergic receptors causes____? a) vasoconstriction b) increased HR c) CNS excitation d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveThe effect of this receptor is dose dependent. a) alpha b) beta c) nicotinic d) dopaminergicd) dopaminergicWhat is Nimbex?Non depolarizing neuromuscular blockadeHow long does Rocuronium take to take effect? a) 30-60 mins b) 45-90 mins c) 1-2 mins d) 2-4 minsc) 1-2 minsHow long does Rocuronium last? a) 1-2 mins b) 2-4 mins c) 30-60 mins d) 45-90 minsc) 30-60 minsWhat are the adverse effects associated with Zemuron? a) myopathy b) variable cardiovascular effects c) releases histamine d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhat is anectine?Depolarizing neuromuscular blockadeWhat is anectine's onset of action? a) 1-2 mins b) 30-45 mins c) 30-45 s d) 45s to 1.5 minsd) 45s to 1.5 minsSuccinylcholine can cause which adverse effect? a) hyperkalemia b) malignant hyperthermia c) increased ICP d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhat is anectine's duration of action? a) 30 mins b) 10 mins c) 5-15 mins d) 30-45 minsc) 5-15 minsHow does suggamedex work?chelating agentWhat kind of drug is Tensilon? a) adrenergic b) cholinergic c) nicotinic d) muscarinicb) cholinergicHow does Tensilon work? a) inhibits acetylcholinesterase enzyme b) inhibits acetycholine c) increases amount of acetylcholinesterase at receptor site d) increases amount of nicotine in bodya) inhibits acetylcholinesterase enzymeWhat is Tensilon used for? a) diagnosis of guillian barre b) diagnosis of myasthenia gravis c) diagnosis of tuberculosis d) diagnosis of COPDb) diagnosis of myasthenia gravisWhat is provicholine? a) direct cholinergic b) indirect cholinergic c) direct adrenergic d) indirect adrenergica) direct cholinergicWhat is provicholine used for? a) diagnosis of myasthenia gravis b) diagnosis of guillan barre c) bronchoprovocation challenges d) bronchodilationc) bronchoprovocation challengesWhat receptor does methacholine act on?M3 in airwaysWhat adverse effects are associated with methacholine use? a) bronchoconstriction b) coughing c) mucus production d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhere do antimuscarinics exhibit their effects? a) eyes b) GI system c) Cardiopulmonary system d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveAtropine is an example of what kind of drug? a) cholinergic b) anticholinergic c) muscarinic d) antimuscarinicd) antimuscarinicWhat is glycopyrrolate? a) a direct acting antimuscarinic b) minimizes secretion production c) all of the above d) none of the abovec) all of the aboveWhat are H receptors?HistaminesWhere are H1 receptors located? a) respiratory tract b) brain and nerves c) smooth muscles, vessels and mucous cells d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhere are H2 receptors found? a) stomach wall lining b) brain and nerves c) respiratory tract d) smooth musclesa) stomach wall liningWhat do H2 receptors do?Helps regulate gastric acid secretionsWhat are examples of 1st generation H1 antihistamines? a) benadryl b) gravol c) Diphenhydramine d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhat do 1st and 2nd generation H1 antihistamines do? a) prevent release of histamines by blocking receptor sites b) get rid of histamine from the synapse c) All of the above d) None of the abovea) prevent release of histamines by blocking receptor sitesWhat are some side effects of 1st generation H1 antihistamines? a) drowsiness b) dry mouth c) decreased RR d) a and b only e) all of the aboved) a and b onlyWhat are some examples of 2nd generation H1 antihistamines? a) reactin b) claritin c) benadryl d) a and b only e) all of the aboved) a and b onlyWhich generation of antihistamines are less likely to have side effects?2nd generationWhat are some advantages of 2nd generation H1 antihistamines? a) no sedation b) does not cross blood brain barrier c) Very little dry mouth d) longer duration of action e) all of the above f) a and b onlye) all of the aboveWhat is the common name for Ranitidine?ZantacWhat are some examples of stool softeners? a) lactulose b) peglyte c) docusate d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhat is a side effect of lactulose? a) hyperkalemia b) hyperhglycemia c) decreases ammonia in stomach d) increases ammonia in stomachc) decreases ammonia in stomachWhat disease is lactulose often used to treat off label? a) kidney disease b) IBS c) liver failure d) COPDc) liver failureWhat drug class is ranitidine? a) H1 antihistamine b) H2 competitive antagonist c) antimuscarinic d) cholinergicb) H2 competitive antagonistWhat is Maxeran used for?Gastric motilityWhat are examples of proton pump inhibitors? a) Pantoprazole b) Ranitidine c) Esomeprazole d) all of the above e) a and c onlye) a and c onlyWhat drug class is codeine?Anti-tussiveWhat is a major consideration for Codeine use?Should only be used for dry, non-productive coughWhat is Dextromethorphan used for?cough suppressantWhat is an example of a mucolytic? a) codeine b) dextromethorphan c) pulmozyme d) none of the abovec) pulmozymeWhat disease is pulmozyme often used in treatment of? a) COPD b) bronchiectasis c) asthma d) cystic fibrosisd)cystic fibrosisHow does pulmozyme work?By breaking up DNA in mucusHow does mucomyst work?breaks up disulphide bonds in mucusWhat can mucomyst be used off label for?Tylenol ODWhat is a consideration when using mucomyst? a) causes bronchospasm b) pungent odour c) may need ventolin prior to treatment d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhat drug class is Atrovent? a) SABA b) SAMA c) LAMA d) LABAb) SABAHow does atrovent work? a) competitively binds with B receptors in airways b) competitively blocks M3 receptors in lungs c) prevents Ca2+ from increasing causing smooth muscle relaxation d) all of the above e) b and c onlye) b and c onlyWhat are the two side effects common with atrovent usage? a) cough and bronchocontriction b) cough and dry mouth c) dry mouth and bronchoconstriction d) Increased HR and BPb) cough and dry mouthWhat is the onset of action and duration of action for Atrovent? a) 5 mins, 15 mins b) 5mins, 20 mins c) 15 mins, 5-10 hours d) 15 mins, 4-6 hoursd) 15 mins, 4-6 hoursWhat is the dosage for Atrovent? a) Via MDI 20ug/puff b) Via MDI 50ug/puff c) Via SVN 0.25-0.50mg d) Via SVN 0.50-0.75mg e) b and d only f) a and c onlyf) a and c onlyWhat drug class is Ventolin? a) SABA b) SAMA c) LAMA d) LABAa) SABAHow does ventolin affect calcium in the intracellular department?DecreasesWhat is the onset of action for Ventolin a) 2-3 mins b) 4-5 mins c) 5-15 mins d) 4-20 minsc) 5-15 minsHow long is the duration of action for Ventolin? a) 2-3 hours b) 4-6 hours c) 5-10 hours d) 6-7 hoursb) 4-6 hoursWhat is the dose of Ventolin? a) Via MDI 100ug per puff b) Via MDI 200ug per puff c) Via SVN 2.5-5.0ug d) Via SVN 5.0-10.0ug e) a and c only f) b and d onlye) a and c onlyWhat are some examples of LABA's? a) Turdorza b) Oxeze c) Spiriva d) All of the above e) a and b onlyb) OxezeWhat is the duration of action for tudorza? a) 6 hours b) 10 hours c) 12 hours d) 24 hoursd) 24 hoursWhat is the onset of action for oxeze? a) 5 mins b) 10 mins c) 2 mins d) 15 minsa) 5 minsWhat is the duration of action for oxeze? a) 6 hours b) 10 hours c) 12 hours d) 24 hoursc) 12 hoursWhat is the duration of action for serevent? a) 6hours b) 10hours c) 12hours d) 24hoursc) 12hoursWhat is the onset of action for serevent? a) 10-15 mins b) 15-20 mins c) 20-25 mins d) 5 secondsb) 15-20 minsWhat are some examples of ultra long acting LABA's?Onbrez onlyWhat are some examples of ultra long acting LAMA's?Tudorza, Seebri, Spiriva, IncruseWhat are methylxanthines used for?Non-first line bronchodilator therapyWhat are some side effects associated with methylxanthine use? a) nausea b) tremors c) seizures and arrhythmias d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhat is Tamiflu?an antiviral drug for influenza.What is Vancomycin used for?C.DIff and MRSAWhat disease is Retrovir used to treat? a) Tuberculosis b) HIV AIDS c) Cystic Fibrosis d) All of the aboveb) HIV AIDSWhat drugs are first line treatment of Tuberculosis? a) Isoniazid b) Rifampin c) Myambutol d) Tebrazid e) Streptomycin f) All of the abovef) All of the aboveWhat is Acetazolamide? a) Diamox b) Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor c) Diuretic d) All of the aboved) All of the aboveWhat can Diamox cause? a) Metabolic alkalosis b) Metabolic Acidosis c) Positive anion gap d) None of the aboveb) Metabolic AcidosisWhat are some common side effects of Lasix? a) metabolic alkalosis b) hypokalemia, hypotension c) hypomagnesia, hypocalcemia d) all of the aboved) all of the aboveWhich diuretic has the best safety profile? a) Loop Diuretics b) Thiazide Diuretics c) K+ Sparing Diuretics d) Osmotic DiureticsThiazide DiureticsAldactone is what kind of diuretic?K+ SparingWhat is mannitol used for?Lowering ICPWhat are some examples of Na+ channel blockers? a) Lidocaine b) Procainamide c) Flecainide d) All of the aboved) All of the aboveWhat are beta blockers used to treat? a) Vfib b) Hypertension c) Tachycardias d) b and c only e) All of the aboved) b and c onlyWhich of these is a K+ channel blocker? a) Amiodarone b) Lidocaine c) Metropolol d) None of the abovea) AmiodaroneWhat are K+ channel blockers used to treat?Ventricular and atrial arrhythmias.what are Ca2+ channel blockers used for?Decrease HR and BP.What are some examples of Ca2+ channel blockers? a) Diltiazem b) Idoptin c) Verapamil d) All of the above e) a and c onlyd) All of the aboveWhat does adenosine do?slows conduction through the AV node, slows all cationsAdenosine only works in what arrhythmia? a) PSVT b) Vtach c) Vfiba) PSVTWhich of the following can be used to treat PPHN? a) iNO b) Sildenafil c) Helium d) All of the above e) a and b onlye) a and b onlyWhat are ACE inhibitors used for?Vasodilators used in hypertensionWhat drug class is atropine? a) Anticholinergic b) Chronotrope c) Antimuscarinic d) a and b only e) b and c onlye) b and c only