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G10 Canadian History - 20's, 30's and WW2

Terms in this set (64)

...
Treaty of Versailles
Canada emerged from WW1 a bitter and divided nation that wanted as little to do with Europe as possible
How did Canada emerge from WW1?
- Lack of recognition
- Economic hit
- Spanish flu...
- Women want to keep their jobs
- Veterans want payout
- Soldiers are angry at people who made money in the war
- Division in Quebec/Canada because of conscription
- We were dragged into the war
- No support for returning soldiers
- TONS OF DEBT (To the US)
Why was Canada upset with Europe after WW1?
(At least 2 reasons)
- They were directly affected by WW1
- WW1 was on French soil
- War came to them
Why was France so harsh with Germany after WW1?
- Germany had to sign
- Germany had to pay allies for the war ($33B USD)
- German territory would be taken away
- German military would be reduced
What were some terms on the Treaty of Versailles?
- Ashamed
- Embarrassed
- Angry
- Humiliated
- Resentful
How did the Treaty of Versailles make Germany feel?
...
The 20's
After WW1 empires are diminished
(AKA "Death of Empires")
What happened to the empires after WW1?
Canada and the US had an isolationist view
(We got politically and economically closer with the US)
What view did Canada and the US have when it came to Europe?
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30's and the Great Depression
(The "Dirty Thirties")
October 29, 1929
When did the stock market crash happen?
Decline in production and prices
What did the downturn in the US economy lead to?
Fewer Business Start-ups → Fewer Jobs → Reduced Consumer Spending → Even Less Investment
This cycle just repeats itself
What is the 1930's cycle?
Cut Spending
What was the governments reaction to the depression?
Rather than tightening their belts, government should spend their way out of the depression
What was John Keynes suggestion to government during the depression?
Many single unemployed men took to hoping on trains all over the country in search of work
What is "Riding the Rails"?
They were arrested for vagrancy
What happened to men "Riding the Rails"?
- Relief camps/Work Camps
- Usually available to young single men
- Pay was low, conditions were horrible
- Run like the military
- Isolated and remote
What were the First Reforms in Canada?
Unlike Canada, the US made public work projects and directed money towards building infrastructure to provide employment
(ex. The Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco)
In other words, they spent money and we cut spending
What did the US do in the depression?
- Unemployment skyrocketed! 1 out of every 3 Canadians were unemployed
- Employers decreased wages (for those who had jobs)
- Thousands of immigrants were deported
- Human suffering and despair
What were some impacts of the depression in Canada?
-Crops were decimated
- Anything not destroyed by dust storms was eaten by swarms of grasshoppers
- Dust storms turned day into night
- Many abandoned their homes and farms
What impacts did the drought in Canada have?
The Dionne Quints
What was a sign of hope in Canada during the depression?
Many Canadians went to the movies, listened to the radio, and went to sport events to try and forget about how bad things were
How did Canadians "escape" the depression?
1. The economy relied on exports, when world economy collapsed export markets dried up
2. We cut spending on everything when we should have spent our way out of the depression (like the US)
3. There was no social welfare system
What are 3 main reasons Canada was affected so severely by the depression?
WW2
1939-1945
What ended the Great Depression?
...
Build up to WW2
- 0.5 Million people attended
- Yearly event
- "Nazi Parties"
- Boosted moral
Throughout the 20's and 30's Hitler tried to rebuild Germanys power, unify Germany, and tear apart the treaty of Versailles
What were Nuremburg Rallies?
Germany reoccupied the Rhineland
What happened in March 1936?
Italian leader Benito Mussolini proclaimed victory over Abyssinia
What happened in May 1936?
1936-1939
When did the Spanish civil war happen?
Canada passed the Foreign Enlistment Act, outlawing Canadians to fight foreign wars
What did Canada do during the Spanish Civil War?
1300
How many Canadians served in the International Brigades?
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Outbreak of WW2
September 1st, 1939
Germany Invades Poland
When did WW2 start?
He promised that Canada would stand at Britains side in war
What did Prime Minister King promise at the start of WW2?
Canadian parliament made it official on Sep 10th, 1939
(We declared war on Germany)
When was Canada officially at war?
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WW2 Blitzkreig
Lightning Warfare
What was the Blitzkreig also known as?
- Strategy developed by Nazis to overwhelm civilians and military
- Created disorganization, panic, and chaos
- Highly coordinated attack involving speed and surprise
- Highly effective and deadly way to wage war
What was the Blitzkreig?
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Canada and WW2
We were NOT ready
- Great depression drastically reduced military spending
- Military equipment was very outdated and scarce
Was Canada ready for another war? Why?
- About 10000 soldiers
- 14 tanks
- 5 mortar guns
- 23 anti-tank guns
- 29 bren guns
What was Canadas army like at the start of WW2?
We had only 10 operational vessels
What was Canadas Navy like at the start of WW2?
We had 50 modern aircraft
What was Canadas Airforce like at the start of WW2?
- Main supplier of food and war materials for Britain
- We were prepared to send 40000 troops
- Canada tried to avoid conscription at all costs
What was Canadas role in WW2?
By the end of September 58000 men AND women had enlisted in the armed forces
By the end of September 1939, how many Canadians had enlisted in the armed forces?
A lot of people needed a paying job after a hard hit from the depression
Why did so many people enlist for WW2?
23000 mostly untrained Canadian troops were in Britain by January 1940
How many Canadian troops were in Britain by Jan 1940?
September 1939 - May 1940
When was the Phoney war?
In May 1940, 300000 troops were rescued by boats of all kinds and sizes - Anything that could float was used
What was "The Miracle of Dunkirk"?
6 Weeks
How long did it take for France to fall under Hitlers rule?
Mussolini decided to enter the war on Germanys side
June 10th 1940, what happened?
Canada agreed to host the program
- Trained over 130000 pilots, navigators, flight engineers, and ground crew
What did Canada agree with the BCATP?
(British Commonwealth Air Training Program)
Longest continuous battle of WW2
What was Battle of the Atlantic?
The major role of the CRN was supporting convoys with the use of corvette ships
What was the major role of the CRN (Canadian Royal Navy) in Battle of the Atlantic?
These will just be statistics and a brief explanation of what happened
Canadian Battle Sequence
- Dec 8-25, 1941
- Over 300 died in battle
- 1689 POW
- 294 died in captivity
- 182 Victoria Cross recipients in WW2 (Victoria Cross is the highest award a person can obtain)
Hong Kong...
- Aug 19, 1942
- AKA Operation Jubilee
- 5000 Canadians took part in the raid
- 3369 Casualties
- 907 Killed
- 1946 Canadian POW's
- This was an utter defeat
"For every life lost at Dieppe, 10 were saved on D-Day"
Dieppe Raid...
- Communication needs to improve on all levels
- Planning, tactics, and strategies need to change
What we learned from Dieppe...
- July 10 1943 - May 8 1945
- Fierce fighting conditions, mountainous terrain, Germans unwilling to give up ground
- Sep 8, 1943, Italy surrenders
- April 28, 1945, Mussolini was hung
Italian Campaign
- Represented one of the toughest and bloodiest for Canadian troops in Italy
- Canadians had to blast their way into other buildings (Known as "mouseholing")
- Battle continued over xmas day 1943, a day later the Germans withdrew
Ortona
By May 1944 allies have control of Rome
Liberation of Rome
- June 6, 1944
- LARGEST AMPHIBIOUS ASSAULT IN HISTORY
- Canadians are assigned to Juno beach
- Around 156000 allied troops landed in Normandy on the first day of invasion: 73000 American, 61715 British, 21400 Canadian
- 4413 allied soldiers died on D-Day alone
- German loses estimated somewhere between 4000 & 9000
D-Day
- Canadian army grew from 1 division to 5 (from about 4000 to 730000)
- Canadian Navy was 3rd largest in the world, over 106000 men and women enlisting
- Airforce: from about 3000 to 250000
- By the end of the war, more than 1 million Canadian men and women had served in the armed forces
Some final stats...
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