Module three,four and five test

.To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)
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.To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n)
fMRI
The oldest regions of the brain are those that regulate
breathing
In which brain structure are nerves from the left side of the brain routed to the right side of the body?
brainstem
The thalamus serves as a
sensory control center
A loss of physical coordination and balance is most likely to result from damage to the
cerebellum
The amygdala, hypothalamus, and hippocampus are part of the
limbic system
The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the
hypothalamus
Which regions of the cerebral cortex are positioned closest to our eyes?
frontal lobes
The parietal lobes are to ________ as the occipital lobes are to ________.
sensing touch; seeing
The cortical regions that are NOT directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as
association areas
The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to visually recognize your own mother's face isan association areaPlasticity refers to the brain's capacity tobuild new neural pathwaysNeurogenesis refers tothe formation of new neuronsThe ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere best illustrateslateralizationInformation is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by thecorpus callosumIf an individual's right cerebral hemisphere is completely destroyed by disease, that person is unable to see anythingin his or her left field of visionA biological psychologist would be most interested in conducting research on the relationship betweenneurotransmitters and depressionDendrites are branching extensions ofnueronsAn axon isthe extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell bodyThe speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n)myelin sheathA slap on the back is more painful than a pat on the back because a slap triggersmore neurons to fire, and to fire more oftenThe chemical messengers released into the spatial junctions between neurons are calledneurotransmittersReuptake refers to thereabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuronJosé has just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release ofendorphinsAn undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked todepressionJacob's severe migraine headaches have led him to seek medical help. It is likely that his symptoms are most closely linked to anoversupply of glutamateThe two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems.peripheralThe central nervous system consists ofbrain and spinal cordMessages are transmitted from your spinal cord to muscles in your hands by the ________ nervous system.somaticSensory neurons are located in theperipheral nervous systemNeurons that function within the brain and spinal cord are calledinterneuronsThe part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs is called theautonomic nervous systemYou come home one night to find a burglar in your house. Your heart starts racing and you begin to perspire. These physical reactions are triggered by thesympathetic nervous systemThe parasympathetic nervous systemstimulates digestion and slows heartbeat (rest and digest)A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multipleneural networksA simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus is called a(n)reflexHormones are the chemical messengers of theendocrine systemThe speedy nervous system zips messages by way of neurotransmitters. Endocrine messages, however, are delivered more slowly because hormones travel throughbloodstreamIf a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release ________ into your bloodstream.epinephrineThe master gland of the endocrine system is thepituitary glandThe hypothalamus influences the ________ to send messages to the ________.pituitary; endocrine glandsIf a neurosurgeon stimulated your right motor cortex, you would most likelymove your left legHow do different neural networks communicate with one another to let you respond when a friend greets you at a party?The visual cortex is a neural network of sensory neurons connected via interneurons to other neural networks, including auditory networks. This allows you to integrate visual and auditory information to respond when a friend you recognize greets you at a party.Which of the following body regions has the greatest representation in the somatosensory cortex?c. lipsJudging and planning are enabled by the lobesfrontalThe "uncommitted" areas that make up about three-fourths of the cerebral cortex are called .Association areasThe flexible brain's ability to respond to damage is especially evident in the brains ofYoung childrenAn experimenter flashes the word HERON across the visual field of a man whose corpus callosum has been severed. HER is transmitted to his right hemisphere and ON to his left hemisphere. When asked to indicate what he saw, the man says he saw but his left hand points to .On and herStudies of people with split brains and brain scans of those with undivided brains indicate that the left hemisphere excels inprocessing languageDamage to the brain's right hemisphere is most likely to reduce a person's ability toMake inferencesThe part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is themedullaThe thalamus functions as asensory control centerThe lower brain structure that governs arousal is thecerebellumThe part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movement and enables nonverbal learning and memory is the .cerebellumA cat's ferocious response to electrical brain stimulation would lead you to suppose the electrode had touched the .AmygdalaThe neural structure that most directly regulates eating, drinking, and body temperature is thehypothalamusThe initial reward center discovered by Olds and Milner was located in thehypothalamusFunction of the amygdalaAggression and fearThe amygdala is part of thelimbic systemfunction of hypothalamusbody temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of the pituitary glandThe hypothalamus is part of thelimbic systemfunction of hippocampusmemory of facts and eventsThe hippocampus is part of thelimbic systemlimbic systemneural system (including the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus) located below the cerebral hemispheres; associated with emotions and drives.In what brain region would damage be most likely to (a) disrupt your ability to jump rope?cerebellumIn what brain region would damage be most likely to disrupt your ability to hear?thalamusIn what brain region would damage be most likely to leave you in a coma?reticular formationIn what brain region would damage be most likely to cut off the very breath and heartbeat of life?medulla........ is a crossover point where nerves from the left side of the brain are mostly linked to the right side of the body, and vice versa.brainstemfMRI scantracks successive images of brain tissue to show brain functionPET scana visual display of brain activity that detects where a radioactive form of glucose goes while the brain performs a given task to reveal brain activityMRI scanuses radio waves and a very strong magnetic field to produce images of the soft tissue (anatomy)MEG (magnetoencephalography)a brain imaging technique that measures magnetic fields from the brain's natural electrical activityEEG (electroencephalogram)An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface. These waves are measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.How do biology and experience interact in neural plasticity?Plasticity enables our brain to adjust to new experiences, thereby being sculpted by both genes and life. While this is a lifelong ability, plasticity is greatest in childhood. With practice, our brain develops unique patterns that reflect our life experiences.What are neurons, and how do they transmit information?Neurons are the elementary components of the nervous system, the body's speedy electrochemical information system. A neuron sends signals through its axons, and recerives signals through its branching dendrites. If the combined signals are strong enough, the neuron fires, transmitting an electrical impulse ( the action potential) down its axon by means of a chemistry-to-electricity process. The neuron's reaction is an all-or-none process.How does the endocrine system transmit information and interact with the nervous system?The endocrine system is a set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream, where they travel through the body and affect other tissues, including the brain. The endocrine system's master gland, the pituitary, influences hormone release by other glands, including the adrenal glands. In an intricate feedback system, the brain's hypothalamus influences the pituitary gland, which influences other glands, which release hormones, which in turn influence the brain.How are the nervous and endocrine systems alike, and how do they differ?Both of these communication systems produce chemical molecules that act on the body's receptors to influence our behavior and emotions. The endocrine system, which secretes hormones into the bloodstream, delivers its messages much more slowly than the speedy nervous system, and the effects of the endocrine system's messages tend to linger much longer than those of the nervous system.Why are psychologists concerned with human biology?Psychologists working from a biological perspective study the links between biology and behavior. We are biopsychosocial systems, in which biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to influence behavior.What are neurons, and how do they transmit information?Neurons are the elementary components of the nervous system, the body's speedy electrochemical information system. A neuron sends signals through its axons, and recerives signals through its branching dendrites. If the combined signals are strong enough, the neuron fires, transmitting an electrical impulse ( the action potential) down its axon by means of a chemistry-to-electricity process. The neuron's reaction is an all-or-none process.What do psychologists mean when they say the brain is "plastic"?The neuron fiber that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles and glands is the _______.axonRegarding a neuron's response to stimulation, the intensity of the stimulus determinesEndorphins are released in the brain in response topain or vigorous exerciseThe autonomic nervous system controls internal functions, such as heart rate and glandular activity. The word autonomic meansself-regulatingThe sympathetic nervous system arouses us for action and the parasympathetic nervous system calms us down. Together, the two systems make up the nervous system.autonomicThe neurons of the spinal cord are part of the —————- nervous system.centralThe most influential endocrine gland, known as the "master gland," is thePituitaryThe placenta develops from many of the outer cells of thezygoteImmediately after birth, newborns prefer their own mother's voice to another woman's voice. This is best explained by the interaction of heredity and environment that takes place inside theuterus