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EPI 01

Terms in this set (21)

What is Epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinant of disease in a population.
→ disease, injury, mortality
Does epi detect disease in individuals or groups
Individuals
What are the four ways to study disease
Submolecular or molecular (Cell bio, biochem, immuno...)
Tissue or organ level (Anatomic path)
Individual patients (Clinical medicine)
Populations (Epidemiology)
How is epidemiology divided into subtypes
By population type and study setting and/or by type of disease/factor which is studied.
What are the subgroups of population type and setting
Classical epidemiology- The study of the determinants and distribution of disease in populations, The aim is to identify risk factors for health problems (e.g., nutrition, environment, behavior, social factors). CAUSATION
Clinical epidemiology- the application of the principles of classical epidemiology to patients in a clinical setting, The aim is to improve prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of disease.
What are some examples of the type of disease/factors that make up the subtype of epi
Infectious disease epidemiology
Chronic disease epidemiology
Nutritional epidemiology
List 3 functions of Epidemiology.
Investigate epidemics (outbreaks) and new diseases
Study biologic spectrum of disease
Provide surveillance of community health interventions
Set disease control priorities
Improve diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of clinical disease
Improve health services
How does Epidemiology achieve its functions
Recognize existence of a disease problem
Identify the characteristics of the problem
Form, test hypotheses of etiology, causation, transmission of the disease
Develop and evaluate performance of response to the disease
Develop and evaluate public health response to disease
Develop, evaluate and implement ongoing surveillance for the disease
Stages of disease.
Predisease
Latent- a seemingly inactive period between the exposure to a risk factor and when its effect becomes clinically apparent
Symptomatic
Stages of prevention
Primary-
Secondary- screening to find, if found, treatment starts
Tertiary- prevention of worsening symptoms, and after care
Agents of disease can be__
Chemical
Biological
Physical
Stress
Vectors of disease can be__
Animal
Human
Environmental
Physical
Environment of disease can be__
Contact opportunity
Sanitation
Risky environment
Social
Political
Economic
Hosts of disease can be__
Susceptibility
Genetic
Immunocompetency
Nutrition
Risk behavior
What does BEINGS stand for
Biological factors and Behavioral factors
Environmental factors
Immunologic factors
Nutritional factors
Genetic factors
Services, social factors, and spiritual factors
What is BEINGS
An acronym for remembering the categories of preventable causes of disease. Model for risk factors
What is herd immunity
indirect protection from an infectious disease that occurs when a sufficient amount of the population becomes immune to the disease,
What is the basic essential condition for herd immunity to be effective in a population
Evenly spread in the population
Why wont herd immunity work if it is not evenly spread
otherwise pockets of susceptibility will remain. Epidemics may still occur in the pockets of susceptibility
What are the visible cases
Deaths and clinical illness
What are invisible cases
Are carriers that may be asymptomatic with the infection
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