What space contains CSF?Subarachnoid spaceFunction of CSFSupports and protects brain and spinal cordWhat forms CSF and where are they located?Choroid plexuses in the ventriclesWhat is the name of the membrane that separates the lateral ventricles?Septum pellucidumThe direction of flow of CSFLateral Ventricles
Interventricular foramen
Third ventricle
Cerebral aqueduct
Fourth ventricleAfter CNS passes through the fourth ventricle it has 2 options of where to go next, what are they?Central spinal canal
Join with subarachnoid space through foraminaFrom the __________ space, CSF is reabsorbed into _______ blood to be refreshed via ___________ villaSubarachnoid
Venous
ArachnoidTrue or False
The subarachnoid space extends past the end of the spinal cordTrueThe spinal cord terminates at the __________ ____________ which is around L1Conus medullarisWhat is the spinal cord called after terminationCauda equinaWithin the cauda equina contain long cordlike _______ __________ that is formed by spinal meningesFilum terminaleTrue or false
The spinal cord contains only white matterFalseWhich fissure of the spinal cord is largerAnterior median fissureWhat composes the center of the spinal cord where CSF circulatesGray materWhich nerve root of the spinal cord is composed of sensory neuronsPosterior nerve rootWhat two structures join laterally to form a spinal nervePosterior and anterior nerve rootsBundles of nerve fibers in white mater of the spinal cord are called what?Spinal tractsWhat structure in the spinal canal contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons?Dorsal root ganglionThe ascending tracts of the spinal cord conduct ______________ sensory information, where as the descending tracts conduct ____________ _____________ informationAfferent
Efferent
MotorWhat are the 2 main functions of the spinal cordIntegrator/reflex center for all spinal reflexes
Provides conduction routes to and from the brainRoughly how much does the adult brain weigh3lbs4 main regions of the brainCerebrum
Diencephalon
Brainstem
CerebellumName the 3 structures that make up the brainstem inferosuperiorlyMedulla oblangata
Pons
Midbrain3 structures that make up the diencephalonThalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal glandThe ___________ _______________ is a large extension of the spinal cord located just above the foramen magnumMedulla oblangataWhat is the neural network composed of gray and white matter located in the brainstem that involves arousalReticular formationThe two bulges of white matter at the front of the medulla oblangata are called whatPyramidsThe ______________ groove acts as a border between the medulla oblangata and the ponsHorizontalWhat connects the pons to the cerebellumCerebellar pedunclesWhat conneccts the midbrain to the cerebrumCerebral pedunclesName the two bilateral structures that make up the corpora quadrigemina of the midbrainSuperior colliculi
Inferior colliculiThe ______ nucleus and the ____________ _________ are two midbrain structures made up of clusters of neuron cell bodies involved in muscular controlRed
Substantia nigrafunctions of medulla oblongataVital and non-vital reflexesFunction of the ponsRespirationFunction of midbrainEye movementA _______________ fissure separates the cerebellum from the cerebrumTransverseWhat structure in the brain has more neurons that all other structures combinedCerebellumThe internal white matter of the cerebellum is called the ________ _________Arbor vitaeThe cerebellum consists of two large masses and a central section called the _______VermisThe bumps on the brain are calledGyriThe grooves on the brain are calledSulciThe inferior peduncles of the cerebellum communicate with theMedulla oblangataThe middle peduncles of the cerebellum communicate with thePonsThe superior peduncles of the cerebellum communicate with theMidbrain3 functions of the cerebellumCoordinate and plan skeletal muscle activity
Ensure smooth movement
Maintain balanceThe thalamus is made up of many ________ (clusters of cell bodies) which act as __________ __________Nuclei
Control centerThe thalamus is made of two _____________ ____________ massesSymmetrical lateralWhat passes through the third ventricle and connects the lateral masses of the thalamusIntermediate massThe nuclei in the posterior aspect of the thalamus make up ____________ bodies which are auditory and visual centersGeniculate3 functions of the thalamusRelay station before being sent to cerebrum
Produce consciousness of crude sensations
Associate positive or negative feeling to stimuliWhite mass connecting right and left hemispheresCorpus callosumWhat structure forms the floor and lower third of the third ventricleHypothalamusWhat is the name of the part of the thalamus that connects to the pituitary glandInfundibulumFunction of the hypothalamusHomeostasis
Links endocrine system to nervous system
Pleasure/reward centerFunction of the pineal glandSecretes melatonin to maintain the body's biological clockThe outermost layer of the cerebrum is called theCerebral cortex4 fissures/sulci and what lobes of the cerebrum they separateLongitudinal: 2 cerebral hemispheres
Central sulcus: frontal and parietal
Lateral fissure: frontal and parietal above from termporal lobe
Parietooccipital sulcus: parietal and occipital lobesThe internal cerebrum is made up of MOSTLY _________ materwhiteThe white mater in the cerebrum is compromised of what 3 different tractsCommissural fibers
Projection fibers
Association tracts_______________ fibers of the white matter in the cerebrum make up the corpus callosumCommissuralWhat tracts in the cerebrum communicate with the lower regions of the nervous systemProjection fibersAssociation tracts in the white matter of the cerebrum connect _________, or convolutions of the brainGyriThe internal cerebrum has some areas of gray matter, which together are called ______ _______Basal nuclei3 parts of basal nucleiCaudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus
Amygdaloid nucleusCerebral localizationSpecific brain functions are located in specific areas of the brainCerebral plasticityFunctional localization in the brain can vary from person to person
