Almost ___ of strokes are preceded by TIAs2/3Another name for intraparenchymal hemorrhageHemorrhagic stroke4 Causes of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (hemorrhagic strokes)Head trauma
Hypertensive vascular disease
Congenital berry aneurysm rupture
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)Imaging appearance of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (Hemorrhagic stroke)Oval or circular collections that displace the surrounding brainA subarachnoid hemorrhage is another for of ______________________Hemorrhagic strokePrimary cause of subarachnoid hemorrhageRuptured berry aneurysmSubarachnoid hemorrhageBleeding into the subarachnoid spaceMultiple Sclerosis (MS)CNS disease characterized by the demyelination of nerve fibers, with episodes of neurologic dysfunction (exacerbation) followed by recovery (remission)What is the most common demyelinating disorderMultiple Sclerosis (MS)What anatomy does multiple sclerosis primarily involveSpinal cord
Optic nerves
Central white matter of the brainPeak incidence of multiple sclerosis20-40 year old womenModality of choice for multiple sclerosisMRIImaging appearance of multiple sclerosisScattered plaques of demyelination that demonstrate as multiple areas of increased signal intensityEpilepsyCondition in which brain impulses are temporarily disturbedEpilepsy presents as a spectrum of symptoms ranging from loss of _______________ for a few seconds to violent _____________Consciousness
SeizuresCause of epilepsyIdiopathicTwo primary forms of epilepsyPetite mal
Grand malPetite malType of epileptic seizure
Mild
Commonly seen in childrenGrand malType of epileptic seizure involving sudden loss of consciousness, hypersalivating, loss of control of urine and sometimes fecesImaging appearance of epilepsy/seizure disorderCalcified hippocampusCause of normal aging image in the brainGradual loss of neuronsImaging appearance of normal agingEnlargement of the ventricular system and sulciAlzheimer's DiseaseProgressive cerebral atrophy that develops at an earlier age than the senile periodImaging appearance of alzheimer's diseaseSymmetrically enlarged ventricles with prominence of the cortical sulciHuntington's diseaseInherited (autosomal dominant) condition that predominantly involves menHow does huntington's disease presentDementia in early to middle adult years and typical choreiform movements (involntary rapid, jerky, and continuous)What is the pathologic hallmark of Huntington's disease?Atrophy of the caudate nucleus and putamenImaging appearance of Huntington's diseaseFocal dilation of the frontal horns and a loss of their normal concave shape
Generalized enlargement of the ventricles and dilation of cortical sulciParkinson's diseaseA progressive, degenerative disease that affects movement, often including tremorsParkinson's disease is also known asShaking palsyCharacteristics of Parkinson'sStooped posture
Stiff and slow movement
Fixed facial expression
Involuntary tremor of limbs that disappears with voluntary movementsWhen in life does Parkinson's show, describe its onsetMiddle or later in life with a gradually progressive onset that exhibits a prolongued courseCerebellar atrophyIsolated atrophy of the cerebellum3 things cerebellar atrophy may representAn inherited disorder
Degenerative disease
Toxic effect of prolongued drug useAnother name for ALSLou Gehrig's diseaseAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstemCause of ALSIdiopathicALS results in extensive ___________ParalysisGeneral cause of death in someone with ALSRespiratory weakness or aspiration pneumonia!QAHydrocephalus and what its usually associated withDilation of the ventricular system
Increased intracranial pressureTwo types of hydrocephalusNoncommunicating (obstructive)
CommunicatingNoncommunicating hydrocephalusCSF flow is blocked in its normal pathCommunicating hydrocephalusCSF flows into extraventricular subarachnoid spaceImaging appearance of hydrocephalusVentricular enlargement and other characteristics help in identifying type or location of obstructionSinusitisInflammation of paranasal sinuses - obstruction of drainage with localized pain, tenderness, and feverCause of sinusitisViral upper respiratory infectionsImaging appearance on sinusitisSoft tissue density lining the walls of the involved sinuses
Air-fluid levelsWhat projection is best for sinusitisWaters with horizontal beamWhat sinuses are most commonly affected by sinusitisMaxillaryWhat is caused by venous bleeding as a complication of a head traumaSubdural hematoma
