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Livy Ab Urbe Condita 57-60

Terms in this set (26)

Ardeam Rutuli habebant,
gens, ut in ea regione atque in ea aetate, divitiis praepollens; eaque ipsa causa belli fuit,
quod rex Romanus cum ipse ditari,
exhaustus magnificentia publicorum operum,
tum praeda delenire popularium animos studebat, praeter aliam superbiam regno infestos etiam quod se in fabrorum ministeriis ac servili tam diu habitos opere ab rege indignabantur.
The Rutuli had Ardea, people who were outstanding in this region and in this time because of their riches. This itself was the reason for war. Because the Roman king wanted to both enrich himself, after he had spent all wealth because of the magnificence of public works, and (he tried) to soothe the minds of the people with the loot, who were hostile towards the kingdom because besides the other arrogance they resented that a they were being held in artisan's tasks by the king and to work as slaves already so long.
Temptata res est,
si primo impetu capi Ardea posset:
ubi id parum processit,
obsidione munitionibusque coepti premi hostes.
This thing was tried to see if Adria could be captured with the first attack. When this proceeded insufficiently (lit. too little), the enemies were begun to be oppressed by the blockade and fortifications.
In his stativis, ut fit longo magis quam acri bello, satis liberi commeatus erant,
primoribus tamen magis quam militibus;
regii quidem iuvenes interdum otium conviviis comisationibusque inter se terebant.
In this camp, as it happens in a war that's rather long than bitter, there was enough free times to take a leave of absence, however to a greater extent for the leaders than for the soldiers; the royal young men in fact spent their leisure sometime among themselves with fiests and revelry.
Forte potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium,
ubi et Collatinus cenabat Tarquinius, Egeri filius, incidit de uxoribus mentio.
Suam quisque laudare miris modis;
inde certamine accenso Collatinus negat verbis opus esse; paucis id quidem horis posse sciri quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia sua.
While they are drinking, Sextus Tarquinius, where Collatinus, the son of Egerius, also ate, starts a conversation about their wives, and everybody praised his wife in wonderful ways.
After the contest had ben stirred up, Collatinus denies that further words are necessary but, in a few hours, it can be made known how much his Lucretia surpasses the others.
"Quin, si vigor iuventae inest, conscendimus equos invisimusque praesentes nostrarum ingenia?
Id cuique spectatissimum sit quod necopinato viri adventu occurrerit oculis."
Incaluerant vino;
"Age sane" omnes; citatis equis avolant Romam.
"Why not when the vigor of youth is in us do we climb up the horses and visit while being there in person the talents of our (wives)? This should be extremely obvious for everybody because the eyes meet with the unexpected arrival of the men". Warmed by the wine (they) all (said): "Come on!" After they had called the horses, they 'flew' to Rome.
Quo cum primis se intendentibus tenebris pervenissent, pergunt inde Collatiam,
ubi Lucretiam haudquaquam ut regias nurus,
quas in convivio luxuque cum aequalibus viderant tempus terentes sed nocte sera deditam lanae inter lucubrantes ancillas in medio aedium sedentem inveniunt.
Muliebris certaminis laus penes Lucretiam fuit.
After they had come there, while the first shadows were stretching, they went on from that place to Collatia, where they discovered Lucretia not at all like the royal daughter-in-laws, who they had seen passing their free time in a banquet and luxury with comrades, but dedicated to her wool in the deep night, between the working maids, sitting in the middle of the house. The merit (praise) of the feminine contest belonged to Lucretia.
Adveniens vir Tarquiniique excepti benigne; victor maritus comiter invitat regios iuvenes.
Ibi Sex. Tarquinium mala libido Lucretiae per vim stuprandae capit;
cum forma tum spectata castitas incitat.
Et tum quidem ab nocturno iuvenali ludo in castra redeunt.
The approaching husband and the Tarquinians were received kindly. There, the evile desire took hold of Sextus Tarquinius to have sexual intercourse with Lucretia through violence; both the figure and the observed integrity urged him. And then, they returned from the nocturnal play back to the camps.
Paucis interiectis diebus Sex. Tarquinius inscio Collatino comite uno Collatiam venit. Ubi exceptus benigne ab ignaris consilii cum post cenam in hospitale cubiculum deductus esset, amore ardens, postquam satis tuta circa sopitique omnes videbantur, stricto gladio ad dormientem Lucretiam venit sinistraque manu mulieris pectore oppresso
After a few days, Sextus Tarquinius came, while Collatinus was unknowing, with only one comrade to Collatia. As soon as he was received kindly by the ones unknowing of his plan, as soon as he had been guided into the bedroom for guests after dinner, after everything seemed safe all around and asleep, he came to the sleeping Lucretia, burning in love, with a drawn sword and, after the chest of the woman was pressed down by his left hand, he said:
"Tace, Lucretia" inquit; "Sex. Tarquinius sum; ferrum in manu est; moriere, si emiseris vocem." Cum pavida ex somno mulier nullam opem, prope mortem imminentem videret, tum Tarquinius fateri amorem, orare, miscere precibus minas, versare in omnes partes muliebrem animum. Ubi obstinatam videbat et ne mortis quidem metu inclinari, addit ad metum dedecus: cum mortua iugulatum servum nudum positurum ait, ut in sordido adulterio necata dicatur.
"Be quiet, Lucretia, I am Sextus Tarquinius; a weapon is in the hand; you will die if you will have hurled a scream." When the fearful woman woke up and saw no help, but close to the threatening death, then, Tarquinius confessed his love, begged, mixed his threats with prayers.When he saw the determined one and that she was not even bent by the fear of death, he added to the fear shame: he said that he would place a naked servant, killed slitting the throat, next to her, after she died, so that it would be said that she had been killed in this dirty adultery.
Quo terrore cum vicisset obstinatam pudicitiam velut vi victrix libido,
profectusque inde Tarquinius ferox
expugnato decore muliebri esset,
Lucretia maesta tanto malo nuntium Romam eundem ad patrem Ardeamque ad virum mittit, ut cum singulis fidelibus amicis veniant;
ita facto maturatoque opus esse;
rem atrocem incidisse.
When the victorious desire had won ober with this threat the obstinate chastity by force and when the wild Tarquinius had departed from there after the dignity of woman had been conquered, Lucretia, sad because of this great evil, sends the same message to Rome to her father and to Ardea to her man, that they should come with each one single faithful friend; It was neccessary to hurry; a terrible thing had happened.
Sp. Lucretius cum P. Valerio Volesi filio, Collatinus cum L. Iunio Bruto venit,
cum quo forte Romam rediens ab nuntio uxoris erat conventus.
Lucretiam sedentem maestam in cubiculo inveniunt. Adventu suorum lacrimae obortae,
quaerentique viro
Sp. Lucretius comes with P. Valerius the son of Volesius and Collatinus with Iunius Brutus, which he had met by chance coming back to Rome by the message of his wife. They discover the sad Lucretia sitting in her bedroom. On the arrival of her people, tears had appeared, and she said to her husband who is inquiring
"Satin salve?" "Minime" inquit;
"quid enim salvi est mulieri amissa pudicitia? Vestigia viri alieni, Collatine, in lecto sunt tuo; ceterum corpus est tantum violatum, animus insons; mors testis erit.
„Are you well
enough?" „Not at all" says she; „And what good is left to a woman after her chastity has been lost? The traces of another man, Collatinus, are in your bed; yet it is the body that is violated, but my mind is still innocent; death will be my witness.
Sed date dexteras fidemque haud impune adultero fore.
Sex. est Tarquinius qui hostis pro hospite priore nocte vi armatus mihi sibique,
si vos viri estis,
pestiferum hinc abstulit gaudium."
But give your right hands and loyalty so that the adulterer will not be unpunished. It is Sex. Tarquinius who took away from here as an enemy instead of a guest in the night before armed with force and took away from me and for him, if you are men, the death-bringing joy.
Dant ordine omnes fidem;
consolantur aegram animi avertendo noxam ab coacta in delicti: (beides kommt von
mentem peccare, non corpus, et unde consilium afuerit culpam abesse.
They all give their loyalty in order. The console her sad in mind by averting guilt from the one that has been forced to the leader. (They said that) the mind sinned and not the body. The guilt is not there where a plan (rather: intention) is missing.
"Vos" inquit "videritis quid illi debeatur: ego me etsi peccato absolvo, supplicio non libero; (death penalty, law terms)
nec ulla deinde impudica Lucretiae exemplo vivet." Cultrum, quem sub veste abditum habebat, eum in corde defigit, prolapsaque in volnus moribunda cecidit. Conclamat vir paterque.
"You" she said "shall see to it what is owed to Sextus Tarquinius. Although I am free myself from sins, I do not free myself from the punishment.
No other woman should live as shameless because of Lucretia's example (Abl.)"
A knife which she had hidden under her clothing, she put it into her heart. She fell dying into the wound after she bent forwards.
The husband and the father shout aloud/cry.
Brutus illis luctu occupatis cultrum ex volnere Lucretiae extractum, manantem cruore prae se tenens, "Per hunc" inquit "castissimum ante regiam iniuriam sanguinem iuro, vosque, di, testes facio me L. Tarquinium Superbum cum scelerata coniuge et omni liberorum stirpe ferro igni quacumque dehinc vi possim exsecuturum, nec illos nec alium quemquam regnare Romae passurum."
Brutus, while the others were occupied by grief, after having extracted the knife out of Lucretia's wound, holding it in front of himself dripping with blood and puss, says "by this most pure blood, and before this royal injustice I swear and make you gods my witnesses, that I will pursue L. Tarquinius Superbum (= the king!) with his criminal wife and his entire offspring
with weapons and fire with whatever force I can persecute him, and that I will not endure those nor anyone else to reign Rome. "
Cultrum deinde Collatino tradit, inde Lucretio ac Valerio, stupentibus miraculo rei, unde novum in Bruti pectore ingenium. Ut praeceptum erat iurant; totique ab luctu versi in iram, Brutum iam inde ad expugnandum regnum vocantem sequuntur ducem.
Then he handed the knife to Collatinus, then to Lucretius and Valerius, who were amazed at this miraculous thing, from where in the chest of Brutus arose a new talent. They swear as had been asked; and all turned grief into anger, they follow Brutus as a leader calling them to fight the royalty.
Elatum domo Lucretiae corpus in forum deferunt, concientque miraculo, ut fit, rei novae atque indignitate homines. Pro se quisque scelus regium ac vim queruntur.
Movet cum patris maestitia, tum Brutus castigator lacrimarum atque inertium querellarum auctorque quod viros, quod Romanos deceret, arma capiendi adversus hostilia ausos. Ferocissimus quisque iuvenum cum armis voluntarius adest; sequitur et cetera iuventus.
After having carried out the body of Lucretia they carried it onto the forum and stirred up the people with the miracle and this indignity. Each of them complains about the crimes of this royalty for themselves.
Both the sadness of the father and Brutus as chastiser of tears and authority of helpless complaints moved what shall fit for men and what shall fit for Romans who are prepared to take hold of the weapons against the weapons. The fiercest and each one of the youthful is willingly there with weapons; the other youth follows also.
Inde patre praeside relicto Collatiae [ad portas] custodibusque datis ne quis eum motum regibus nuntiaret, ceteri armati duce Bruto Romam profecti. Ubi eo ventum est, quacumque incedit armata multitudo, pavorem ac tumultum facit; rursus ubi anteire primores civitatis vident, quidquid sit haud temere esse rentur. Nec minorem motum animorum Romae tam atrox res facit quam Collatiae fecerat; ergo ex omnibus locis urbis in forum curritur.
After the father had been left as a garrison in Collatia and after guards had been given, so that no one could announce this movement to the kings (royal family), the others armed departed with Brutus as their leader. As soon as they arrived there (Rom), wherever the great armed arrived they spread fear and confusion; but in turn, when they see that the nobles of the city walk before (the march), they thought that whatever it was, it was not at all senseless. So, this atrocious thing made not a smaller movement of the minds in Rom than it had done in Collatia, so then, there was running from all sides of the city to the forum.
Quo simul ventum est, praeco ad tribunum celerum, in quo tum magistratu forte Brutus erat, populum advocavit. Ibi oratio habita nequaquam eius pectoris ingeniique quod simulatum ad eam diem fuerat, de vi ac libidine Sex. Tarquini, de stupro infando Lucretiae et miserabili caede, de orbitate Tricipitini cui morte filiae causa mortis indignior ac miserabilior esset.
When they arrived at the same time at this place the tribune of this swift commander, Brutus, who moreover took the position as a magistrate by chance, he calls the nation. There after the speech that was held by no means of his talent as he had simulated it up to this day, and (this speech was held) about the violence and desire of Sextus Tarquinus, the unspeakable dishonor of Lucretia and the miserable murder, about the loss of a child of Tricpitinus, whom the cause of death was more intolerable and miserable as the actual death of his daughter.
Addita superbia ipsius regis miseriaeque et labores plebis in fossas cloacasque exhauriendas demersae; Romanos homines, victores omnium circa populorum, opifices ac lapicidas pro bellatoribus factos.
The arrogance of the king himself has been added and the miseries and sufferings of the common people, which have been submerged in the drains and canals; And it was added that the Roman people, , victorious over all other people around them, were made workmen and stonecutters instead of fighters.
Indigna Ser. Tulli regis memorata caedes et invecta corpori patris nefando vehiculo filia, invocatique ultores parentum di. His atrocioribusque, credo, aliis, quae praesens rerum indignitas haudquaquam relatu scriptoribus facilia subicit, memoratis, incensam multitudinem perpulit ut imperium regi abrogaret exsulesque esse iuberet L. Tarquinium cum coniuge ac liberis.
The unworthy murder of the king Servius Tullius was mentioned and the daughter who rode over the corpse of her father with a wicked carriage and the avenging gods of the parents were called. After these and other more atrocious things have been mentioned, that the present unworthiness of the circumstances made it not at all easy for the retelling for the authors, he (Brutus) set the multitude on fire, that they remove the authority of the king and order Tarquinius with his wife and children to be exiled.
Ipse iunioribus qui ultro nomina dabant lectis armatisque, ad concitandum inde adversus regem exercitum Ardeam in castra est profectus: imperium in urbe Lucretio, praefecto urbis iam ante ab rege instituto, relinquit. Inter hunc tumultum Tullia domo profugit exsecrantibus quacumque incedebat invocantibusque parentum furias viris mulieribusque.
He (Brutus) himself departed to Ardea in order to stir up the army in the camp against the king from there, after the younger ones had been chosen and equipped, who have given their names voluntarily. He leaves the authority of the city to Lucretius, who was prefect of the city already before and was established by the king. Among this uproar Tullia escaped from the house, while men and women are cursing at whatever came their way and calling for the furies of the parents.
Harum rerum nuntiis in castra perlatis cum re nova trepidus rex pergeret Romam ad comprimendos motus, flexit viam Brutus—senserat enim adventum—ne obvius fieret; eodemque fere tempore, diversis itineribus, Brutus Ardeam, Tarquinius Romam venerunt.
After the messages about these things have been brought into the military camp when the king anxious about this new situation continues to come to Rome to squash this new movements, Brutus changed his route because he had sensed his arrival, to not encounter him; so almost at the same time Brutus came to Ardea and Tarquinus to Rome on their different ways.
Tarquinio clausae portae exsiliumque indictum: liberatorem urbis laeta castra accepere, exactique inde liberi regis. Duo patrem secuti sunt qui exsulatum Caere in Etruscos ierunt.
Tarquinius finds the doors closed and his exile ordered - the cheerful camp (cheerful people→ metonomy) accepted the liberator (Brutus) of the city while the children of the kings have been expelled from now on. Two (sons) followed their father, who was exiled and went to Caere to the Etruscans.
Sex. Tarquinius Gabios tamquam in suum regnum profectus ab ultoribus veterum simultatium, quas sibi ipse caedibus rapinisque concierat, est interfectus.
L. Tarquinius Superbus regnavit annos quinque et viginti. Regnatum Romae ab condita urbe ad liberatam annos ducentos quadraginta quattuor. Duo consules inde comitiis centuriatis a praefecto urbis ex commentariis Ser. Tulli creati sunt, L. Iunius Brutus et L. Tarquinius Collatinus.
Sex. Tarquinius who had departed to Gabios, as if he was going to his own kingdom, was killed by avengers of enmities, which he had set in motion himself by murders and robberies.
L. Tarquinius Superbus reigned for 25 years. There was a kingship in Rome, from the founding of the city to the liberation for 244 years. From then on, there are 2 consuls who were elected, by the assembles have been arranged by prefect of the town (Lucretius), according to commentaries of Servius Tulius, L. Iunius Brutus and L. Tarquinius Collatinus.
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