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Philosophy ch1-4 review

Terms in this set (48)

Theology
questions about God
Metaphysics
questions about what is real
Epistemology
questions about knowledge and truth
Anthropology and Sociology
questions about humans and how we live
Axiology
questions about right and wrong, values
Teleology
questions about meaning and purpose
What form of government is the best?
Epistemology
How do I know what I know?
Epistemology
If I stop existing when I die, and I can no longer remember
my life, does my life really matter?
Teleology
Is Thor, Odin's son, a deity?
Theology
Should I be allowed to kill puppies?
Axiology
P1: Chris and Nick would be very happy if the Browns beat the Steelers.
P2: The Browns did not beat the Steelers,
C: so Chris and Nick are very happy, indeed.
Invalid
P1: Madeline must have known the material for the test,
P2: because if a person knows the material, that person will get an A,
C: and Madeline was one of the students that got an A.
Valid
P1: Anastasia believes that if she treats people honestly and with an open mind,
P2: she will have diverse friendships.
C: She is honest and open-minded and has friends all over the world.
Invalid
P1: Roberto thought that if he worked very hard,
P2: his boss would give him a raise or a promotion.
C: He made sure she noticed him, but she did not give him a raise or promotion. He thought he must not have worked hard enough.
Valid
P1: "I'm still eating too much ice cream," lamented George.
P2: "My waist measurement is the same as it was six months ago.
C: I know if I didn't eat so much ice cream, I would reduce my waist size."
Valid
P1: If my neighbor were a decent human being,
P2: he wouldn't let his yard trash fall onto my property.
C: But he's not a decent human being, so we get to clean his trash as well as ours.
Invalid
The backgroun of Plato and Aristotle may have played a role in the split in their thinking. Wheree aristotle studied medicine and biology, Plato studied?
Mathmatics
Aristotle thought knowldge was learned while Plato thought knowledge was?
Instinctual
Inate
Born in us
Aristotle departs from Plato, then, not by denying that universal qualities exist but rathery by?
Questioning the nature of forms and how we come to know them
How would Aristotle answer the question below:
we may be able to distinguish between a plant and an animal almost without thinking, but how do we know how to make that distinction?
The shared features of either category
According to what we have learned, which of these are catagories of Aristotle's system of classification
None living,
living
Animal
plant
According to Aristotle the "form" of an animal is more that the way it looks and includes?
How it interacts with other animals
What it does as it lives
How it interacts witht he envrionment
Aristotle thought everything could explained by fundamentle causes, which of the fallowing are examples of these causes?
the efficient cause
the material cause
the final cause
the formal cause
Which is not true of the greek work telos
It is the root of the word teleport
According to Aristotle, we recognise "good life" by?
Observing it in the people around us
All students are eligible for student government.
No teachers are eligible for student government.
No teachers are students.
Valid
All barbiturates are drugs.
Marijuana is not a barbiturate.
Marijuana is not a drug.
Invalid
All rational people believe in rule by law.
Some rational people are college professors.
Some college people are believers in rule by law.
Invalid
All purple items are green.
All yellow items are green.
All purple items are yellow.
Valid
Even though it's only the first day, I can tell this is going to be a boring class.
hasty generalization
What?! You want schools to teach sex education that goes beyond the abstinence only approach? I really don't think that it's appropriate to tell children in kindergarten how to use a condom!
straw man
When America criticized the Israeli bombing of Beirut in 1981 in which 300 civilians were killed, Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin said, "I don't want to hear anything from the Americans about hitting civilian targets. I know exactly what America did in Vietnam."
red herring
I cheated on my organic chemistry test, and no one caught me. I'm too smart for any professor to catch.
false analogy
You keep saying that you want to relax gun control laws, but why is it so important that everyone have automatic weapons, even small children and the mentally disabled?
straw man
How long will America tolerate these opponents of gun control who want only criminals to have guns?
straw man
What does Erasmus assert is an essential component of a human being?
folly
What does Erasmus assert is a form of folly?
religion
According to Theodor Adorno goodness involves?
Our feelings and our understanding
Summarize Aristotle's point of view. What does Aristotle believe is necessary for "the good life?"
Intellectual virtues (scientific knowledge, both of principles and that gathered from inference and applying first principles); moral virtues (character traits acquired through habituation and life experience, occupy a middle ground between excess and vice).
What external conditions does Aristotle believe need to exist in order to cultivate moral and intellectual virtues?
Born into the right type of state in which legislators use laws to develop the virtue of its citizens.
How does Erasmus' view compare to Aristotle's?
Erasmus disagrees with Aristotle's view that knowledge (intellectual virtures) makes for a good life, similar to the saying that "ignorance is bliss." In terms of religion, Erasmus advocates "simple, heartfelt belief" unconnected to doctrine.
How does Adorno's view compare to that of Aristotle?
Adorno argues that one cannot be morally good without intelligence. Goodness involves both feeling and understanding. Adorno also believes that making judgements solely with our intelligence is wrong. Aristotle's use of deductive and inductive logic supports the belief that judgments made by intelligent reasoning are better than those based on emotions, but Adorno argues that wise judgments are made with both intelligence and emotion.
How does Du Bois' view relate to that of Aristotle?
Aristotle posited that in order for an individual to develop a life of intellectual and moral virtue, they had to be born into the right type of state. Du Bois points out that racism and social inequality prevents an impediment for some people in the pursuit of eudaimonia. Social inequality and the ensuing lack of education is a cause of crime, he argues. Although not completed in his lifetime, Du Bois ends his life believing in the possibility of achieving a just society that will allow all citizens to achieve eudaimonia.
The speaker talks about studying humans and their interactions with societies and people as leading to doubt in God because of the imperfection of humans while in nature, the perfection that presents itself through the study of the universe points him towards the idea of God.
True
The "Spirit of good" actus upon the potential of the world to create a "real" good?
True
According to the Judaic Christian view, what is necessary to apply to potential to bring about good?
Truth
Trusting people because you are inexperienced and naive is?
Not a virtue
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