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6) NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS - CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER

Terms in this set (15)

Mathematically, the rate of free energy transfer can be expressed as:
a) dG/dA
b) dG/dt
c) dG/dtdA
dG/dt
In all irreversible processes, under the conditions U=const, V=const, n=const, the entropy ............. and is ............. in the stationary equilibrium.
a) decreases, maximum
b) increases, maximum
c) increases, minimum
d) decreases, minimum
increases; maximum
A sphere is rolling downhill. The driving force for this spontaneous movement is:
a) the positive gradient of the potential energy
b) the negative gradient of the potential energy
c) the negative gradient of the kinetic energy
d) the positive gradient of the kinetic energy
the negative gradient of the potential energy
Ions are driven by their gradient of
a) the electrical potential
b) the electrochemical potential
c) the chemical potential
d) the electrical potential energy
the electrochemical potential
Mass flux is defined as the amount of a substance that flows perpendicularly
a) through a unit of surface
b) through a unit of surface per unit distance
c) through a unit of surface per unit time
d) through a unit of surface per unit mass
through a unit of surface per time
Of the following, only ............. is not a state function.
a) entropy
b) enthalpy
c) internal energy
d) heat
heat
When a spontaneous process takes place, which one of the following is always positive?
a) dSsurroundings
b) dSuniverse
c) dHsurroundings
d) dHuniverse
dSuniverse
We define a stationary state as a state in which
a) the entropy of the system increases
b) the entropy of the system decreases
c) the structure and parameters of the system are time independent
d) all forces and fluxes in the system are coupled with each other
the structure and parameters of the system are time independent
If entropy is exported out of the system then
a) dSe > 0
b) dSe < 0
c) dSe = 0
d) dSi > 0
e) dSi < 0
f) dSi = 0
dSe < 0
On the graph given below, global equilibrium is represented by
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
A
Suppose dS and dH are both negative. The reaction is spontaneous if
a) |dH| > |TdS|
b) |dH| < |TdS|
c) |dH| = |TdS|
|dH| > |TdS|
The entropy production in a system is given by the following term
a) dS/dt
b) dSe/dt
c)dSi/dt
dSi/dt
In the equation X= -grad Eₚ, where X is a force vector and Eₚ, is the gravitational potential energy, the sign minus shows that:
a) the spontaneous movement occurs from a position with a higher potential energy to one with a lower potential energy
b) the spontaneous movement occurs from a position with a lower potential energy to one with a higher potential energy
c) the spontaneous movement occurs in a vertically upward direction.
the spontaneous movement occurs from a position with higher potential energy to one with a lower potential energy
The thermodynamic force for electric current is
a) the gradient of electrochemical potential
b) the hydrostatic pressure gradient
c) the electric potential gradient
d) the concentration gradient
the electric potential gradient
The subscript m of the phenomenological coefficient Lₘₙ Shows
a) the number of the corresponding flux
b) the number of the corresponding driving force
the number of the corresponding driving force
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