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marker of congenital adrenal hyperplasia used in neonatal screening test is:
a androstenedione
b cortisol
c renin
d 17hydroxyprogesterone
e testosterone
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Terms in this set (119)
marker of congenital adrenal hyperplasia used in neonatal screening test is:
a androstenedione
b cortisol
c renin
d 17hydroxyprogesterone
e testosterone
d
what are the consequences of the in utero infection:
1. spontaneous abortion
2 nonimmune hydrops
3 IUGR
4 congenital malformations
5 macrosomia
-b) 1,2,3,4
choose true sentences about rickets in children:
1 it can be the result of inadequate direct exposure to ultraviolet rays
2 craniotabes is one of late signs of rickets
3 Characteristic signs are Harrison's groove ad rachitic rosary
4 in lab tests increased level of vitamin D is always observed
5 predisposing factors include malabsorption and puberty growth spurt
a) 135
treatment of choice in patient with atrial fibrillation:
A defibrillation
B lidocaine i.v. infusion
C synchronized electrical cardioversion
D adenosine bolus
E valsalva maneuver
C
5. which congenital heart defects linked below qualify as ductus dependent heart defects:
1 Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), patent ductus arterioles (PDA), atrial septal defect (ASD)
2 Atrial septal defect (ASD), tricuspid atresia
3 Ventricular septal defect (VSD), tricuspid atresia, aortic stenosis
4 Ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD)
5 Pulmonary atresia (PA), severe coarctation of aorta (CoA), hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
5
list the components of Tetralogy of Fallot:
A Atrial septal defect II (ASD II), Ventricular septal defect (VSD), aortic stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy
B Atrial septal defect II (ASD II), Ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy
C Pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, aortic stenosis
D VSD, pulmonary stenosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta
E VSD, pulmonary stenosis (PS), right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), overriding aorta
E
7. choose true statements for diplegia spastica:
1 Diagnosis is made often in neonatal period
2 During crawling legs draw along
3 ,,Jackknife attacks" are typical
4 Straight position of both legs with dorsiflexion of the foot is observed
5 Rapid progression is typical
a) 24
The first neonatal population screening test was developed in the early 60s last century by Guthrie. It was a test initially directed to early identify newborns suffering from:
A Congenital hypothyroidism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia
B Biotinidase deficiency
C cystic fibrosis
D Phenylketonuria
E Galactosemia
D
symptoms associated w/ influenza rather than common cold include:
1 high fever
2 sudden onset
3 myalgia, arthralgiabody aches
4 severe rhinitis
5 general good condition
b) 1,2,3
vaccinations are the best prophylaxis for infectious diseases, except from:
A mumps
B pertussis
C rubella
D toxoplasmosis
E chickenpox
C
In IEM with intoxication syndrome the most often presented clinical symptoms resulting from the accumulation of toxic compounds, proximal to the metabolic block are: 1 poor sucking reflex, vomiting, diarrhea 2 dehydration, lethargy, coma → death 3 respiratory distress 4 symptoms of liver failure 5 specific odor in some disordersa) 1,2,3,4,5false about simple febrile seizures: 1 Episodes are longer than 15 minutes 2 Mostly generalised tonic. clonic seizures are observed 3 High risk of recurrence in 24h 4 Most common type of febrile seizures 5 Child presents neurological deficits after each episode-e) 1,3,518 month old girl was diagnosed with bilateral otitis media. the treatment of choice is: A gentamicin B amoxicillin C azithromycin D tetracycline E watchful waitingBA cardiac failure was observed in a 2 days old newborn. ECG shows regular heart rhythm >400/ min with narrow QRS complexes. You diagnose: A normal heart rate for crying newborn B AF (atrial fibrillation) C Sinus arrhythmia D VT (ventricular tachycardia) E SVT (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)E°15. The symptoms of bronchiolitis in children include: 1 mild rhinorrhea, cough and sometimes low grade fever as early symptoms 2 Paroxysmal cough and dyspnea develop within 1-2 days 3 Tachypnea, often over 50-60 breaths per minute 4 Apnea, especially in infants younger than 6 weeks 5 stridor upper respiratory tract obstruction indicatorstridor-a) 1,2,3,4commonly isolated bacteria in neonatal meningitis: 1. E. coli 2. L. monocytogenes 3. GBS 4. N. meningitidis 5. S.pneumoniaed) 1,2,3choose incorrect hypoglycemia symptom: 1 paleness 2 excessive sweating 3 hands trembling 4 tachycardia 5 face redness5the first typical symptom of central puberty in girls is: A growth spurt B pubic hair C breast enlargement D apocrine sweats E axillary hairCdiagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa include: 1 refusal to maintain weight above minimal normal weight + height for age 2 fear of gaining weight or becoming fat 3 severe disturbances in body experience 4 BMI >16 kgm^2 5 amenorrheae) 1,2,3choose the causes of prolonged neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia: 1 biliary atresia 2 breast milk jaundicet 3 cholestasis 4 congenital hypothyroidism 5 UTIa) 2,4,5genetic syndromes associated with short stature include: 1 turner syndrome 2 noonan syndrome 3 silver russell syndrome 4 klinefelter syndrome 5 prader willi syndrome-c)1,2,3,5Koplik's spots are pathognomonic for: 1 chickenpox 2 rubella 3 mononucleosis 4 measles 5 mumpsDIdentify the incorrect sentence: 1 T2DM is the most common type of diabetes in children 2 Acanthosis nigricans, a dermatologic manifestation of hyperinsulinism, presents as hyperkeratotic pigmentation in the nape of the neck and flexural areas 3 exercise has been shown to decrease insulin resistance 4 the prevalence of T2DM in children is increasing in parallel with childhood obesity 5 GCK MODY diabetes has very rapid clinical onset-e)1,5The consequences of undetected congenital hypothyroidism include: 1 Hypertension 2 Delayed puberty 3 Psycho motoric developmental delay 4 Short stature 5 Fertility disorders-e) 2,3,4,5Which sentences about meningitis are true? 1 Highest incidence of bacterial meningitis is among children under 1 year of age 2 Bacterial meningitis is a potentially life threatening condition that can rapidly progress to permanent brain damage 3 Common symptoms of meningitis in infants are: fever, lethargy, vomiting, bulging fontanelle, seizures 4 The typical treatment for newborns in cefotaxime and vancomycin 5 Prophylaxis include vaccines against H.influenzae, S.pneumoniae, N.meningitidis-e) 1,2,3,5°26. Choose incorrect sentences about treatment of T1DM: 1 At the moment of diagnosis, the first dose of insulin is 0,05 0,1 unit/kg bolus, administered intravenously 2 Patients with DKA require close monitoring due to risk of brain oedema 3 In severely dehydrated patients with DKA a fluid bolus may be required, 10-20ml/kg/h administered IV 4 Potassium levels require monitoring during treatment of DKA because of possible hyperkalemia 5 Potassium levels require monitoring during treatment of DKA because of possible hypokalaemia-c) 1,4The diagnosis of T2DM should be considered in patients who: 1 are obese 2 have a strong family history of DM 3 have other characteristics of the metabolic syndrome 4 have high level of antibodies against beta cell antigens at the time of diagnosis of diabetes 5 have a long term complications of the disease at the time of diagnosisc) 1,2,3,5°28. Main risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia: 1 Preterm baby, especially week 3435 2 Exclusive breastfeeding 3 Small bruises 4 Negative coombs test 5 Jaundice in the first 24h of life -c) 1,2,5A 13 year old girl has been unwell for 1 week with fever & sore throat. On examination there is a 3 cm Splenomegaly and cervical Lymphadenopathy. A full blood count shows elevated WBC with atypical lymphocytes but is otherwise normal. What is the most likely diagnosis? 1 Scarlet fever 2 Infectious Mononucleosis (EBV) 3 Wilm's tumor 4 Leukaemia 5 Neuroblastoma2Which of the following is the most common pathogen of Pneumonia in school age-children? 1 Haemophilus influenza 2 RSV Virus 3 Staph. Aureus 4 Chlamydia pneumoniae 5 Mycoplasma pneumonia-5Which of the following are characteristic features of Coeliac disease? 1. Irritability 2. Iron deficient Anemia 3. Recurrent Urticaria 4. Growth failureB 1,2,4°4. Chronic Uveitis may be a symptom of: A Acute Rheumatic fever B SLE C Kawasaki disease D Polyarticular type of juvenile idiopathic Arthritis E Oligoarticular type of juvenile idiopathic ArthritisEWhich of the following does not suggest immunodeficiency? A Recurrent deep abscesses (Brain, Liver or Osteomyelitis) B 4 or more episodes of acute ODDs / year C Recurrent thrush in a child older than 1 year D Recurrent UTI's E 2 or more episodes of Pneumonia / yearWhite spots (Koplik's spots) on buccal mucosa of a febrile child with maculopapular rash are indicative of: 1 Measles 2 Rubella 3 Erythema infectiosum 4 Kawasaki disease 5 Scarlet fever1GERD: 1 Asthma, Pneumonia, Anemia, Jaundice 2 Sinusitis, ODDs media, Bronchiectasis, Pancreatitis 3 Sinusitis, Laryngitis, Dental erosions, Apnea 4 Chronic cough, Laryngitis, Sinusitis, Tachycardia, Seizures 5 Vomiting, Excessive crying, Seizures, Anemia1Which of the following is true: A Clinical manifestation of juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis is morning stiffness, joint pain and swelling later in the day B ANAs (Antinuclear Antibodies) are associated with increased risk of chronic Conjunctivitis C Most children with juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis are RF (Rheumatoid Factor) positive D none E allAA 5 year old girl developed a severe sore throat, drooling of saliva, high fever and increased difficulty in breathing. She looks toxic, sits immobile, upright with an opened mouth. What is the most probable diagnosis? A Tracheitis B Pneumonia C Epiglottitis D Bronchiolitis E Viral CroupCHypersegmented granulocytes present in peripheral blood smears of a 12 year old girl with Anemia are indicative of: 1 Folic acid deficiency (B12) 2 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 3 Iron deficiency 4 Lead poisoning 5 Thalassaemia1Which of the following is the drug of choice in the treatment of Hyperuricemia in children with leukemia Hyperleukocytosis? Penicillamine LAsparaginase Prednisolone Rasburicase Low molecular weight Heparin -°12. Purpura seen in a child with ALL at diagnosis is caused by: Low platelets count due to acute blood loss Decreased synthesis of Vit K dependent clotting factors due to leukemic infiltration of the liver Decreased bone marrow platelets production Platelets sequestration in enlarged spleen Concomitant intravascular coagulationExpiratory wheezing is a sign suggestive for: A Asthma B Upper respiratory tract foreign body C Laryngitis D Pneumonia E Pulmonary FibrosisAYou have admitted a 10 year old girl for acute hypertension, headache, decreased renal function, hematuria and proteinuria. Her GFR at presentation is concerning but eventually recovers to baseline health without any management other than observation and careful fluid and electrolyte management. Serum studies are significant for low C3 and C4 and high Antistreptolysin O titers. The most likely diagnosis is: A SLE Nephritis B Acute Glomerulonephritis C Hemolyticuraemic-syndrome D Acute Pyelonephritis E Nephrotic syndrome -A 4 year old boy presents to the emergency department with a 3 week history of constipation. On exam, a large right upper abdominal mass is palpated. On further physical examination it is noted that the boy is less than 5 percentile for height and weight. The absence of Iris in his left eye has also been found. His past medical history is significant for repaired Hypospadias. This mass is most likely: Lymphoma Wilms tumor Neuroblastoma Hepatoblastoma RhabdomyosarcomaWhich of the following is not a sign of nephrotic syndrome? Hypoalbuminaemia Erythrocyturia (Hematuria) Hypercholesterolaemia Hypoproteinaemia Proteinuria > 50mg/kg/dayCoeliac disease: 1 Is a glutendependent-enteropathy 2 Is usually manifested by low stature 3 May be manifested by abnormal stools, abdominal distension and bunock wasting 4 Life-long gluten-free-diet is essential in controlling clinical manifestation of coeliac disease -E 1,2,3,4,5Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Rotavirus infections? 1 Vomits 2 Watery diarrhea 3 Fever (up to 40°C) 4 Abdominal pain 5 weaknessAll°19. A 4 month old male infant with Craniosynostosis is being evaluated by the neurosurgeon for surgical repair. The infant has no other known medical problems. He has been growing and developing appropriately while being fed formula. You are asked for consultation because the infants preoperative labs show an isolated prolongation of APTT. His PT and platelets are within normal range, his CBC is normal. There is a history of easy bruising. Which of the following studies is the most appropriate to make a final diagnosis? A Factor VIII (8) & IX (9) levels B Factor VII level C Factor XII level D Vit K level E Factor V and VII levelsWhich of the following is not a cause of malabsorption syndrome in infants: A Cystic Fibrosis B Giardiasis C Lactose intolerance D Coeliac disease E Cows milk allergy°21. Which of the following tumors should not be biopsied? Supraclavicular mass in a 15 year old girl Renal mass in a 4 year old girl Asymmetrically enlarged tonsil in a 8 year old boy Enlarged, non tender gonad in a 17 year old boy, with a year ago completed antileukemic treatment Mandibular tumor in a 10 year old boyList the components of tetralogy of fallot: 1 Atrial septal defect II (ASDII), ventricular septal defect (VSD), Coarctation of aorta (COA), Left ventricular hypertrophy 2 Ventricular septal defect, Pulmonary stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy , overriding aorta 3 Pulmonary stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding aorta, Patent ductus arteriosus 4 ASD, Pulmonary stenosis, Left ventricular hypertrophy, Overriding aortaBIn children, bronchiolitis usually occurs in epidemics. It lasts 24 months beginning in November and peaking in January or February in association with viral respiratory tract infection. The symptoms of bronchiolitis include: A. Mild rhinorrhea, cough and sometimes low-grade fever as early symptoms B Paroxysmal cough and dyspnea develop within 1-2 days C Apnea, especially in infants younger than 6 weeks D All of the above -ABCWhat is a female athlete triad: A Disordered eating, Amenorrhea, Osteoporosis B Disordered eating, Bradycardia, Growth retardation C Amenorrhea, Hypokalemia, Hypoglycemia D Osteoporosis, Orthostatic hypotension, BradycardiaAChoose the bacteria rarely isolated in cases of neonatal meningitis: A e.coli B H. influenzae C Group B streptococcus D. N. meningitidisBDChoose the causes of prolonged neonatal conjugated hyperbilirubinemia: 1 Breast milk jaundice 2 Hypothyroidism 3 Increased enterohepatic circulation 4 Biliary atresiaC 4Which of the symptoms below suggest streptococcal etiology of tonsillitis: 1 High fever > 38,5°C 2 Cough 3 Pus exudates on tonsils and back of the throat 4 Painful lymphadenopathy on neck134Mononucleosis is caused by EBV. Its symptoms include: Tonsillitis Hepato and splenomegaly Rash after amoxicillin administration LymphadenopathyB 234Select the incorrect sentence referring to neonatal toxicology: The rate of transmission to the fetus is higher in women infected later during pregnancy Infection earlier in gestation have more severe neonatal disease UTI is the most common manifestation Deaths and severe neonatal disease may be reduced with maternal treatmentClinical features of late onset Group B Streptococcus neonatal infections are: Meningitis Bacteremia Osteomyelitis Septic arthritis15y old girl was admitted to an outpatient clinic. she noticed 2nd degree of goitre, mild weight gain (2kg in 2 months) secondary amenorrhea and tachycardia (102 bits per min)THyroid test were performed TSH0.04 IU/I — 0.4-4.5 IU / ML FT4: 14.5 pmol/l — 10-15 pmol/lFT3: 10.2 pmol/l — 3.5-9.9 pmol/lAnti-TPO: 118 — n <34 Anti-TG: 232 — n <30 Anti-TSHR: 0.8 — n <1.8 Probable diagnosis is: 1 Graves disease 2 Hashimoto Toxicosis 3 Secondary hypothyroidism 4 Ectopic thyroid gland -BFirst line of treatment in subglottic laryngitis is: Amoxicillin Betamimetics in nebulization Mukolytika Steroids in nebulization or systemic -The marker of congenital adrenal hyperplasia used in screening: Cortisol Androstendion 17hydroxyprogesterone Renine -Patient with severe hypercalcemia will present following symptoms except: Arrhythmia Polyuria Constipation Chvostek signWhat are the diagnostic criteria for Anorexia nervosa: Refusal to maintain weight Fear of becoming fat Severe body disturbance BMI > 16 .Growth chart presented below could be observed in a child with: 1 Familial short stature 2 Presence of CNS tumor for example, craniopharyngioma 3 Constitutional growth delay 4 Growth hormone deficiency secondary to radiotherapy of the brain tumor24What are the possible medical complications of eating disorder: 1 Tachycardia 2 Precocious puberty 3 Amenorrhea 4 Growth retardationB 3,4Please choose most important (first choice) laboratory tests, which you recommend for a child with jo a severe ketoacidosis coma due to newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus: 1. Blood gases, glucose concentration 2. Cholesterol level, protein level 3. TSH 4. Potassium levelD 1,4In patients with phenylketonuria, phenylalanine neurotoxicity causes: 1. Disturbances in metabolism of neurotransmitter, mainly dopamine and serotonin 2. Skin eczema similar to the one observed in patients with atopic dermatitis due to cow milk allergy 3. Hypopigmentation of skin, hair and iris 4 Deficiencies in proper synthesis of myelin by oligodendrocytes14Which of the following products should be eliminated from the diet of a child with PKU? 1. Fisk smoked meats, string bean, cow milk, yogurts, cottage and hard cheese 2. Bread, pasta, cakes from regular wheat flour 3 Apples cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers 4 Honey, vegetable and animal oils,, bread made with low phenylalanine flour A.12.What is the prognosis for a child with congenital hypothyroidism detected later than 3rd months of life? 1 Precocious puberty 2 Delayed puberty 3 Mental retardation 4 Short stature234Heart rate and rhythm disturbances can appear due to which of the following electrolyte disorders: a) Hypomagnesemia b) Hypercalcemia c) Hypermagnesemia d) AllALLThe most common cause of chest pain in children is/ are: A Gastric ulcers B Myocarditis C Musculoskeletal pain D Myocardial infarctCVentricular Septal defect (VSD): 1 Is the most common cyanotic heart defectacyanotic 2 Needs surgical correction in first three months of life 3 Needs prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis 4 Pulmonary hypertension tend to appear earlier than in the same size atrial septal defects (ASD) -A 3,4°24. Patients born as IUGR would be at higher risk of many late complications such as: 1. Short statured 2. Obesity 3 Nephrocalcinosis 4 Diabetes mellitus type 1D 1,2A 3 year old girl is admitted to GP because of low grade fever, irritability and right ear pain. Upon physical examination signs of otitis media are present in otoscopy. Choose the correct treatment: 1 Amoxicillin 90 mg/kg/day 2 Ibuprofen 30 mg/kg/day control after 2 days 3 Nothing 4 Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 90 mg/kg/ dayBChoose true sentence about rickets: 1 It can be a result of inadequate direct exposure to ultraviolet rays 2 Craniotabes is one of the late signs of rickettsia 3 The characteristic signs are Harrison's groove and rachitic rosary 4 In laboratory tests increased level of vitamin D is always observed13Vaccinations are the best prophylaxis for infectious disease, except from: 1 Chickenpox 2 Toxoplasmosis 3 Mumps 4 Rubella2Koplik spots are the early sign of: 1 Chicken pox 2 Measles 3 Rubella 4 MumpsB5 First symptoms of cushing disease in children is: 1 Growth retardation 2 Central obesity 3 Red striae on abdomen 4 Precocious puberty L1Meningitis is a term used to describe an inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and the spinal cord. Which sentences is/are true 1 The highest incidence of meningitis is between birth and 2 years, with the greatest risk between 38 months of age 2 Bacterial meningitis is a potentially life threatening condition that can rapidly progress to permanent brain damage 3 Common symptoms of meningitis in infants are: an bulging fontanelle, fever, seizure activity, vomiting 4 The vaccine includes Hib, meningococcal and pneumococcal vaccines are not recommended in children LB. 1,2,3Unknown 1 Shock like symptoms? 2 Cool, mottled skin; weak pulses; capillary refill > 3 seconds, oliguria 3 Metabolic acidosis, hypotension 4 Usual cause of death along with PPHN 5 Shock + neutropenia = death within 48 hrsALLInnocent murmurs? 1 PDA - soft systolic murmur (first day of life) 2 Peripheral pulmonic stenosis murmur (up to 6 months, heard in 1st or 2nd intercostal space, left side) 3 Small VSDALL Most common Cyanotic (rightleft shunt) heart disease? -a. Tetralogy of Fallot (5%)Most common heart defect in Down Syndrome?a. AVSDDefinition of maternal PKU syndrome?a. Embryofetopathy observed in the offsprings of mothers with increased levels Phe in the bloodSafe maternal PKU levels?a. Less than 2-6 mg% (best is 2-3 mg%)°7) Symptoms of maternal PKU?a. Mental retardation, microcephaly, low birth weight < 2500g, CHD, spontaneous abortionsWhat kind of errors proceed w/ intoxication syndrome? a) Aminoacidopathies (PKU, tyrosinemia, MSUD) b) Organic acidurias (methylmalonic, propionic, isovaleric) c) Congenital UCED (OTCD, etc) d) Sugar intolerances (galactosemia, fructose intolerance)ALLIntoxication syndrome? How to check, test, symptoms, treatment? Check - family history, patient history, smell (listen to mother) Tests - blood morphology, blood gases, pH, plasma electrolytes, storage, urine c) Treatment - depends on the disease (diet etc)ALLHepatic presentation of inborn error of metabolism (IEM)? Symptoms and metabolic tests? 1 Symptoms - jaundice, hemorrhagic syndrome, hepatic necrosis with elevated transaminases, hypoglycemia, ascites and edema 2 Tests - glucose, ammonium, lactate 3 Liver function tests - transaminases, hypoalbuminemia, prothrombin timeALLMeningococcal meningitis symptoms? a) Sudden onset b) Rapidly progressive manifestations of shock, purpura c) Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) d) Reduced level of consciousness e) WaterhouseFriderichsen syndrome -ALLRickets...risk factors? Rapid growth (LBW, adolescents) Intestinal absorption disorders (celiac disease) c) Black skinned children d) Anticonvulsant therapy (phenytoin,phenobarbital) e) glucocorticoidsALLNeonatal cholestasis is defined as conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? 1 Neonatal cholestasis is defined as conjugated hyperbilirubinemia developing within the first 90 days of extrauterine life 2 Conjugated bilirubin exceeding 1.5-2.0 mg/dl 3 Conjugated bilirubin generally exceeding 20% of total bilirubin -ALLRisk factor(s) of pathologic jaundice: 1. Prematurity 1 Severe anemia 2 Hypoxia 3 SomnolenceC: 1, 2, 3.The most severe complication in of jaundice in the newborn is: 1. Kernicterus 2 Cyanosis 3 Yellow skin 4 Yellow eyes1Which is not treatment of jaundice: 1 Phototherapy 2. Antibiotics 3. DVET 4. ECG24°4. Neonatal cholestasis is defined as conjugated hyperbilirubinemia developing within the first days of extrauterine life: 1. 90 2. 23 3. 12 4. 21°5. Intrahepatic etiologies of neonatal cholestasis include: 1. Α1 -antitrypsin deficiency Cystic fibrosis Cholelithiasis Choledochal cystC: 1,2°6. In parenteral nutrition, preterm infants have a calcium intake of: 1. 6090 mg/kg/d 2. 40-50 mg/kg/d 3. 20-30 μg/kg/d 4. 5-10 mg/kg/d -a) 1°7. Parathyroid hormone: Enhances intestinal calcium absorption Mobilizes calcium reserves from the skeleton reabsorptionStimulates renal 1alpha-hydroxylase Stimulates renal calcium reservesD: All true8. Calcitonin: 1 Decreases serum calcium level 2 Increases serum phosphorus level 3 Antagonizes PTH-activity on bones 4 Decreases osteoclast activity -A: 1,3,49. Role of calcium in the organism: 1 Immunology 2 Coagulation 3 Neurotransmitter release 4 Bone formationALL°10. Hypomagnesemia occurs in: 1 Malabsorption syndrome 2 Hypoparathyroidism 3. Hypercalcemia 4. Diuretic therapyD: All true°11. Spastic diplegia - characteristic(s): 1 More often in premature babies 2 normal mentaldevelopmentPeriventricular leukomalacia 3 IQ often in reduced level 4 Seizures are often1°12. The most severe form of cerebral palsy: 1 Spastic quadriplegia 2 Choreoathetoid cerebral palsy 3 Ataxic cerebral palsy 4 Mixed cerebral palsy1°13. Therapeutic methods for cerebral palsy: 1 Intrathecal baclofen agents 2 Selective dorsal rhizotomy 3. Orthopedic surgery 4. IsoniazidA: 1,2,3 Status epilepticus - risk factors: 1 Renal failure 2 Brain stroke 3 Meningitis/encephalitis 4 Hypo or hyperglycemia3Differential diagnosis of obesity: 1 Cushing syndrome 2 Hypothalamic lesions 3 Prader Willi syndrome 4 GlycogenosesD: All true16. Obesity related disorders are: 1 LawrenceMoon-Biedl syndrome 2 Pseudohypoparathyroidism 3 Pickwickian syndrome 4 Craniopharyngioma -A: 2,317. The most common complication of influenza: 1. Pneumonia 2 Dry cough 3 Myalgia 4 Fever118. The most common cause of respiratory tract infection: 1. Viral infections 2 Bacterial infections 3 Fungal infections 4 Parasitic infections119. Laryngotracheobronchitis - clinical symptoms: 1 Tachycardia 2 Inspiratory stridor 3 Increased retractions 4 Decreased breath soundsD: All true20. Treatment of choice in epiglottitis: 1 Prolonged therapy of corticosteroids 2 Ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime 3 Combined Ampicillin and chloramphenicol 4 Moderate epinephrine administration23 21. Bacterial tracheitis - treatment(s): 1 Antimicrobial therapy 2 Endotracheal intubation 3 Supplemental oxygen may be necessary 4 VagotomyB: 1,2,322. Physical sign(s) of bronchiolitis: 1 Otitis media 2 Palpable liver and spleen 3 Apnea 4 Atrial fibrillationA: 1,2,323. The most common pathogen of bronchiolitis: 1. RSV 2 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 3 Influenza virus 4 Rhinovirus124. Pneumonia - the most common cause: 1 Group B streptococci 2 Borrelia Burgdorferi 3 Ureaplasma urealticum 4 HSV125. Growth retardation is associated with: 1. Chronic renal failure 2. Turner syndrome RussellSilver syndrome Reye's syndrom -12326. Effect(s) of insulin: 1 Increases uptake of glucose into the cells 2 Increase storage of glucose as glycogen in liver and muscle 3 Decreases production of glucose in the liver 4 Ketogenesis which is unique for the liver12327. Symptom(s) of insulinopenia: 1. Diabetic coma 2 Weight loss 3 Abdominal pain 4. DEC GROWTHALL TRUE