spanish Vocabulary: Fish Flashcards

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vocabulary

History comes alive through words whenever we use an atlas, read about a quixotic campaign, or find ourselves in a jovial mood. Many of our words are taken from the names of people, places, ancient gods, or fictional characters. (1) The word jovial comes from Jupiter, the Roman king of the gods. (His Greek name was Zeus.) The planet named after him was supposed to have been the source of joy. Perhaps this is because the god Jupiter enjoyed playing practical jokes, which certainly amused him, if not always his victims.

In contrast, Saturn, the Roman god of agriculture, was thought to be stern and serious. (In Greek mythology, his name was Khronos.) (2) The planet named for this god was believed to spread a saturnine mood. The word Saturday also comes from Saturn. According to Greek and Roman mythology, those who offended the gods suffered horrible punishments. Sisyphus was a cruel king who mocked the gods. (3) As a result, he was doomed to a Sisyphean task: endlessly rolling a heavy boulder up a hill. Each time he reached the top, the boulder came crashing down. Atlas, a Titan (a mythological giant) who fought the gods and lost, was made to carry the world on his shoulders. In 1636 , mapmaker Gerhardus Mercator put a drawing of Atlas, supporting the world, on the front of his books of maps. (4) As a result, this type of reference work has come to be called an atlas.

In Greek mythology, Nemesis was a goddess who personified righteous anger and revenge against those with too much pride. Because she had much work to do on Earth, she lived among the people rather than on Mount Olympus. (5) Ancient Greeks feared the goddess as much as people today might fear a modern-day nemesis. The names of historical figures have also become words used in modern-day English. The Greek philosopher Epicurus, who lived about 2,300 years ago, emphasized the importance of enjoying life. He once said, "The root of all good is the pleasure of the stomach." (6) Modern-day epicureans would obviously agree.

In 280-279 BC, Pyrrhus, a Greek king, defeated the invading Romans at Heraclea and Asculum. Unfortunately, the loss of life that his troops suffered was so great that he said, "One more such victory and we are lost." (7) This gave rise to the term Pyrrhic victory. The city of Soloi was a colony of ancient Athens, probably located in present-day Turkey. The Solois people developed their own dialect, which was regarded with great scorn by the Athenians. (8) The Athenians coined the term solecism, to emphasize their displeasure. Literature and science have also contributed words to English. In the 1700s, Italian scientist Luigi Galvani discovered that he could make the legs of a frog "jump" by applying an electrical charge to its spinal cord. (9) His name lives on in the word galvanize. In Miguel Cervantes's classic Spanish novel, Don Quixote, the hero develops an overactive imagination from reading romantic novels. He decides to become a knight who travels the world, performing noble deeds. (10) But he is a quixotic character. He rides a brokendown horse, is crowned with a washbasin, mistakes a windmill for a giant, and rescues a peasant girl whom he believes to be a noble lady. Assisted by the ever-practical Sancho Panza, Quixote has come to symbolize blind idealism.

Each sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. Write the letter of the choice that gives the sentence a meaning that is closest to the original sentence. Modern-day $\rule{1cm}{0.15mm}$ would obviously agree. a. mapmakers b. food lovers c. sociable philosophers d. idealists

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vocabulary

For each sentence, choose the correct word or expression from the pair in parentheses.
(Irregardless/Regardless) of this finding, he discovered that he could respond warmly to the accounts of peasant life in Russian literature.

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spanish

mouse (Down)

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french

[Je voyais / J'ai vu/ qu' / il y avait / il y a eu] beaucoup de gens dans les rues.

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