A 100.0-mL aq ueous sodium chloride solution is 13.5% NaCl by mass and has a density of 1.12 g/mL. What would you add (solute or solvent) and what mass of it to make the boiling point of the solution 104.4 $^{\circ}$C? (Use i = 1.8 for NaCl.)

The table shows information about each of the Great Lakes. It shows the elevation of the surface of each lake and the elevation of the deepest point of each lake, both relative to sea level.

$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}\hline \text{ }& \text{Surface Level (ft)}&\text{Deepest Point(ft)}\\ \hline \text{Lake Superior}& 601 & {-732} \\ \hline \text{Lake Michigan}& 577 & {-346} \\ \hline \text{Lake Ontario}& 243 & {-559} \\ \hline \text{Lake Huron}& 577 & {-173} \\ \hline \text{Lake Erie}& 569 & {210} \\ \hline\end{array}$$

Which of the Great Lakes, if any, is entirely above sea level? Explain.

Explain why if f is continuous over [a,b] and it is non equal to a constant, there is at least one point $M \in[a, b]$ such that

$$f(M)=\frac{1}{b-a} \int_{a}^{b} f(t) d t$$

and at least one point $m \in[a, b]$ such that

$$f(m)<\frac{1}{b-a} \int_{a}^{b} f(t) d t$$

Find the work done if the distance is measured in feet and the force is measured in pounds. If a constant force $\mathbf{F}=\langle 2,8\rangle$ moves an object along a straight line from the point $(2,5)$ to the point $(11,13)$.

The crest of a high, broad-crested weir has an elevation of 300 ft. If the weir is 40 ft long and the discharge of water over the weir is 1200 cfs, what is the water-surface elevation in the reservoir upstream?

Which solution has the highest boiling point? (1) 1.0 M $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$, (2) 2.0 M $\mathrm{KNO}_{3}$, (3) 1.0 M $\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$, (4) 2.0 M $\mathrm{Ca}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}$.

Explain why, if f is continuous over [a, b], and is not equal to a constant, there is at least one point $M \in[a, b]$ such that $f(M)=\frac{1}{b-a} \int_{a}^{b} f(t) d t$ and at least one point $m \in[a, b]$such that $f(m)<\frac{1}{b-a} \int_{a}^{b} f(t) d t$

The heat of fusion of water is $6.008 \times 10^3 \mathrm{~J} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$ at its normal melting point of $273.15 \mathrm{~K}$. Calculate the freezing point depression constant $K_f$.

The elevation of an underwater cave is $-120$ feet relative to sea level, A submarine descends to the cave. The submarine's rate of change in elevation is no greater than $-12$ feet per second. How long will it take to reach the cave?

At its boiling point (280°C) and atatmospheric pressure, phosphorus has a gas density of 2.7g L^-1. Under the same conditions, nitrogen has a gas density of 0.62 g L^-1. How many atoms of phosphorus are there in one phosphorus molecule under these conditions?

Estimate the missing boiling point in the following series of compounds:
$\mathrm{CH}_4,-164^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ; \mathrm{SiH}_4,-112{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C} ; \mathrm{GeH}_4,-90^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$; $\mathrm{SnH}_4, ?^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$

The graph below shows how the amount of water in a city's reservoir changed during one recent year. On a copy of the graph, mark points that show when the reservoir's water supply is:

a. increasing at the fastest rate-label the point(s) with the letter " $A$ ".

b. decreasing at the fastest rate-label the point(s) with the letter " $B$ ".

c. increasing at a constant rate-label the point(s) with the letter " $\mathrm{C}$ ".

d. decreasing at a constant rate-label the point(s) with the letter " $D$ ".

e. neither increasing nor decreasing-label the point(s) with the letter " $E$ ".

Explain the observed trend in the boiling points of the compounds listed. Why is $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ atypical?

$$\begin{array}{ll} \text { Compound } & \text { Boiling Point } \\ \hline \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{Te} & -2^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\ \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{Se} & -41.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\ \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{~S} & -60.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \\ \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O} & +100^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \end{array}$$

What gauge pressure must a pump produce to pump water from the bottom of the Grand Canyon (elevation $730 \mathrm{~m}$ ) to Indian Gardens (elevation $1370 \mathrm{~m}$ )? Express your result in pascals and in atmospheres.