A chemical production process uses water-cooling to carefully control the temperature of the system so that the correct products are obtained from the resulting chemical reaction. The temperature of the system must be maintained at a temperature of 120 degrees Fahrenheit. A technician suspects that the average temperature is different from 120 degrees Fahrenheit and checks the process by taking temperature readings at 12 randomly selected times over a 4-hour period. Here are the data:

120.1 124.2 122.4 124.4 120.8 121.4

121.8 119.6 120.2 121.5 118.7 122.0

A 95% confidence interval for $\mu$ is 120.335 degrees Fahrenheit to 122.515 degrees Fahrenheit. Explain how this interval is consistent with the test in the previous part.

Radon is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally released by rocks and soils and may concentrate in tightly closed houses. Because radon is slightly radioactive, there is some concern that it may be a health hazard. Radon detectors are sold to homeowners worried about this risk, but the detectors may be inaccurate. University researchers placed a random sample of 11 detectors in a chamber where they were exposed to 105 picocuries per liter of radon over 3 days. A graph of the radon readings from the 11 detectors shows no strong skewness or outliers. The mean reading is 104.82 and the standard deviation of the readings is 9.54. Is there convincing evidence at the 10% level that the mean reading differs from the true value 105?

Radon is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally released by rocks and soils and may concentrate in tightly closed houses. Because radon is slightly radioactive, there is some concern that it may be a health hazard. Radon detectors are sold to homeowners worried about this risk, but the detectors may be inaccurate. University researchers placed a random sample of 11 detectors in a chamber where they were exposed to 105 picocuries per liter of radon over 3 days. A graph of the radon readings from the 11 detectors shows no strong skewness or outliers. The mean reading is 104.82 and the standard deviation of the readings is 9.54. Is there convincing evidence at the 10% level that the mean reading differs from the true value 105?

The chips project Zenon decided to investigate whether students at his school prefer name-brand potato chips to generic potato chips. He randomly selected 50 students and had each student try both types of chips, in random order. Overall, 32 of the 50 students preferred the name-brand chips. Zenon wants to perform a test at the $\alpha$=0.05 significance level of $H_0$: p=0.5 versus $H_a$: p>0.5, where p= the proportion of all students at Zenon's school who prefer name-brand chips.

Calculate the standardized test statistic.

Zenon decided to investigate whether students at his school prefer name-brand potato chips to generic potato chips. He randomly selected 50 students and had each student try both types of chips, in random order. Overall, 32 of the 50 students preferred the name-brand chips. Zenon wants to perform a test at the $\alpha=0.05$ significance level of $H_{0}: p=0.5$ versus $H_{a}: p>0.5,$ where p = the true proportion of all students at his school who prefer name-brand chips. Calculate the standardized rest statistic.

Zenon decided to investigate whether students at his school prefer name-brand potato chips to generic potato chips. He randomly selected 50 students and had each student try both types of chips, in random order. Overall, 32 of the 50 students preferred the name-brand chips. Zenon wants to perform a test at the $\alpha=0.05$ significance level of $H_{0}: p=0.5$ versus $H_{a}: p>0.5,$ where p = the true proportion of all students at his school who prefer name-brand chips. Check that the conditions for performing the test are met.

The chips project Zenon decided to investigate whether students at his school prefer name-brand potato chips to generic potato chips. He randomly selected 50 students and had each student try both types of chips, in random order. Overall, 32 of the 50 students preferred the name-brand chips. Zenon wants to perform a test at the $\alpha$=0.05 significance level of $H_0$: p=0.5 versus $H_a$: p>0.5, where p= the proportion of all students at Zenon's school who prefer name-brand chips.

Check that the conditions for performing the test are met.

Refer to the earlier two exercises that tackled whether the use of fancy type fonts slows down the reading of text on a computer screen.

Find the P-value using Table B or technology.

Refer to the previous exercise that tackled about the speed of the first responders.

Give a consequence of each type of error in this setting.

Refer to the earlier two exercises that tackled whether the use of fancy type fonts slows down the reading of text on a computer screen.

Find the P-value using Table B or technology.

Sequence Events How, and why, are the Supreme Court's decisions about affirmative action changing over time?

Analyze Information What is the relationship between affirmative action and quotas?

Synthesize How was a peaceful civil rights movement able to bring about broad changes in society, including changes in legislation passed by politicians who were elected by a majority of the voters? How did the civil rights movement manage to put pressure on politicians to change laws?

Identify Key Steps in a Process Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1964 so effective in immediately taking away the de jure component of Jim Crow? How was the process of implementing this law different from the process of implementing the Brown v. Board of Education decision?