A comet in an extremely elliptical orbit about a star has, of course, a maximum orbit radius. By comparison, its minimum orbit radius may be nearly 0. Make plots of the potential energy and a plausible total energy E versus radius on the same set of axes. Identify the classical turning points on your plot.

ABC Inc. desires to maintain a capital structure of 80% equity and 20% debt. They currently have an effective tax rate of 30%. The company’s cost of equity capital is 12%. To obtain their debt financing, they issue bonds with an interest rate of 10%. What is the company’s weighted average cost of capital? a. 8.0%, b. 10.4 %, c. 11.0%, d.11.6%

A 1-L can of R134a is at room temperature, 20$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, with a quality of 50%. A leak in the top valve allows vapor to escape and heat transfer from the room takes place, so we reach a final state of 5$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ with a quality of 100%. Find the mass that escaped and the heat transfer.

A 1.2-kg pot of water at 20$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is put on a stove supplying 250 Wto the water. How long will it take to come to a boil (100$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$)?

Find the lowest temperature at which it is possible to have water in the liquid phase. At what pressure must the liquid exist?

Saturated vapor water at 250$^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is expanded to a lower pressure with constant temperature. Find the changes in u and s when the final pressure isa. 100 kPab. 50 kPac. 10 kPa

How can the sales-quantity variance be decomposed further?

California Tires manufactures two types of tires that it sells as wholesale products to various specialty retail auto supply stores. Each tire requires a three-step process. The first step is mixing. The mixing department combines some of the necessary direct materials to create the material mix that will become part of the tire. The second step includes the forming of each tire where the materials are layered to form the tire. This is an entirely automated process. The final step is finishing, which is an entirely manual process. The finishing department includes curing and quality control. Required: 1. Costs involved in the process are listed next. For each cost, indicate whether it is a direct variable, direct fixed, indirect variable, or indirect fixed cost, assuming “units of production of each kind of tire” is the cost object. 2. If the cost object were the “mixing department” rather than units of production of each kind of tire, which preceding costs would now be direct instead of indirect costs?

$$\begin{matrix} \text{costs:} & \text{ }\\ \text{Rubber} & \text{Mixing department manager}\\ \text{Reinforcement cables} & \text{Material handlers in each department}\\ \text{Other direct materials} & \text{Custodian in factory}\\ \text{Depreciation on formers} & \text{Night guard in Factory}\\ \text{Depreciation on mixing machines} & \text{Mechanist (running the mixing machine)}\\ \text{Rent on factory building} & \text{Machine maintenance personnel in each department}\\ \text{Fire insurance on factory building} & \text{Maintenance supplies for factory}\\ \text{Factory utilities} & \text{Cleaning supplies for factory}\\ \text{Finishing department hourly laborers} & \text{Machinist (running the forming machines)}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Determine the momentum of an electron moving (a) at speed $2.4 \times 10^4 m/s$ (about three times escape velocity) and (b) at speed $2.4 \times 10^8 m/s.$ (c) In each case, by how much is the classical formula in error?

A bottle with a volume of 0.1 m3 contains butane with a quality of 75% and a temperature of 300 K. Estimate the total butane mass in the bottle using the generalized compressibility chart.

Water is boiled at $90^\circ C$ by a horizontal brass heating element of diameter 7 mm. Determine the surface temperature of the heater for the minimum heat flux case.

An electron is in the 3d state of a hydrogen atom. The most probable distance of the electron from the proton is $9a_0.$ What is the probability that the electron would be found between $8a_0$ and 100?

A 1 ns pulse of electromagnetic waves would be 30 cm long, (a) Consider such a pulse of 633 nm wavelength laser light. Find its central wave number and the range of wave numbers it comprises, (b) Repeat part (a), but for a 1 ns pulse of 100 MHz radio waves.

Classically and nonrelativistically, we say that the energy E of a massive free particle is just its kinetic energy(a) With this assumption, show that the classical particle velocity Vparticle is 2E/p(b) Show that this velocity and that of the matter wave differ by a factor of (c) In reality, a massive object also has internal energy, 110 matter how slowly it moves, and its total energy E is $\gamma mc^2,$ where Show that vparticle is $pc^2/E$ and that vwave is $c^2/v$ particle. Is there anything wrong with vwave?