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A certain compound, A, reacts to form products according to the reaction APA \longrightarrow P The amount of A is measured as a function of time under a variety of different conditions and the tabulated results are shown here:

Time (s) 25.0C[A](M) 35.0C[A](M) 45.0C[A](M)01.0001.0001.000100.7790.6620.561200.5910.4610.312300.4530.3060.177400.3380.2080.100500.2590.1360.057600.2000.0930.032\begin{matrix} \text{Time (s)} & \ {25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} [A] (M)} & \ {35.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} [A] (M)} & \ {45.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} [A] (M)}\\ \text{0} & \text{1.000} & \text{1.000} & \text{1.000}\\ \text{10} & \text{0.779} & \text{0.662} & \text{0.561}\\ \text{20} & \text{0.591} & \text{0.461} & \text{0.312}\\ \text{30} & \text{0.453} & \text{0.306} & \text{0.177}\\ \text{40} & \text{0.338} & \text{0.208} & \text{0.100}\\ \text{50} & \text{0.259} & \text{0.136} & \text{0.057}\\ \text{60} & \text{0.200} & \text{0.093} & \text{0.032}\\ \end{matrix}

Have one group member make a graph of [A] vs. t, one group member make a graph of ln [A] vs. t, and one group member make a graph of 1/[A] vs. t using the data for 25 C^{\circ} \mathrm{C}. Additional group members can make similar graphs for the other temperatures. What is the order of the reaction with respect to A? Explain your answer. a. Use the data to determine the rate constant at each temperature. b. What is the activation energy for this reaction? c. The same reaction is conducted in the presence of a catalyst, and the following data are obtained:

Time (s) 25.0C[A](M) 35.0C[A](M) 45.0C[A](M)01.0001.0001.0000.10.7240.6680.5980.20.5110.4330.3410.30.3750.2910.2020.40.2750.1900.1190.50.1980.1220.0710.60.1410.0800.043\begin{matrix} \text{Time (s)} & \ {25.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} [A] (M)} & \ {35.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} [A] (M)} & \ {45.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C} [A] (M)}\\ \text{0} & \text{1.000} & \text{1.000} & \text{1.000}\\ \text{0.1} & \text{0.724} & \text{0.668} & \text{0.598}\\ \text{0.2} & \text{0.511} & \text{0.433} & \text{0.341}\\ \text{0.3} & \text{0.375} & \text{0.291} & \text{0.202}\\ \text{0.4} & \text{0.275} & \text{0.190} & \text{0.119}\\ \text{0.5} & \text{0.198} & \text{0.122} & \text{0.071}\\ \text{0.6} & \text{0.141} & \text{0.080} & \text{0.043}\\ \end{matrix}

What effect does a catalyst have on the rate of the reaction? What is the activation energy for this reaction in the presence of the catalyst? How does it compare with the activation energy for the reaction when the catalyst isn't present?

Question

A disk of radius 0.2 m and moment of inertia 1.5kgm21.5 \mathrm{kg} \cdot \mathrm{m}^{2} is mounted on a nearly frictionless axle. A string is wrapped tightly around the disk, and you pull on the string with a constant force of 25 N. After a while the disk has reached an angular speed of 2 rad/s. What is its angular speed 0.1 seconds later? Explain briefly.

Solution

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Identify the unknown:\underline{\text{Identify the unknown:}}

The final angular speed

List the Knowns:\underline{\text{List the Knowns:}}

Initial angular speed: ωi=2  rad/s\omega_i= 2 \;\mathrm{rad/s}

Applied force: Fs=25  NF_s= 25 \;\mathrm{N}

Time interval: Δt=0.1  s\Delta t = 0.1 \;\mathrm{s}

Radius of the disk: R=0.2  mR= 0.2 \;\mathrm{m}

Moment of inertia of the disk: I=1.5  kgm2I=1.5 \;\mathrm{kg \cdot m^2}

Set Up the Problem:\underline{\text{Set Up the Problem:}}

Angular momentum in terms of moment of inertia:

LA=Iω\vec{L}_{A} = I \vec{\omega}

Torque about location A:

τA=rA×F\vec{\tau}_A = \vec{r}_A \times \vec{F}

The only force that exerts a torque is the force by the string, and the force is applied perpendicular to the position vector, thus the torque is maximum, so:

τ=rF=RFs\tau = r F= RF_{s}

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