a. How were President Roosevelt's leadership skills reflected in the Square Deal and in his handling of the miners' strike? b. Why did reformers support the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act? How did these acts help consumers? c. Trace the development of the conservation movement in the early 1900s.

Summarize

What political gains did African Americans hope to achieve after the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, and how did white southerners respond to these ideas?

Compare and contrast the efforts for and against the increasing of guarantees for equal rights for all during Reconstruction.

"1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States . . are citizens ... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens ... nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process; nor deny ... equal protection of the laws.

"2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States ... count­ ing the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election ... thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants ... being twenty-one years of age, and citizens ... or in any way abridged, except for ... crime, ... the basis of representation therein shall be reduced ... .

"3. No person shall ... hold any office ... who, having previously taken an oath . . . shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same ... But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability."

-14th Amendment, Constitution of the United States, July $9, 1868$

For future Supreme Courts, one of the key points of the fourteenth Amendment would be which of the following?

(A) "nor deny ... equal protection of the laws"

(B) "Representatives shall be apportioned"

(C ) "the basis of representation therein shall be reduced"

(D) "shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion"

a. How did the different interest groups at the Constitutional Convention resolve their disputes? b. Imagine that you are a legislator voting on the ratification of the Constitution. Will you vote for or against it? Why? c. What were the advantages and disadvantages of the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan?

"1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States . . are citizens ... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens ... nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process; nor deny ... equal protection of the laws.

"2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States ... count­ ing the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election ... thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants ... being twenty-one years of age, and citizens ... or in any way abridged, except for ... crime, ... the basis of representation therein shall be reduced ... .

"3. No person shall ... hold any office ... who, having previously taken an oath . . . shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same ... But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability."

-14th Amendment, Constitution of the United States, July $9, 1868$

In proclaiming that all persons born in the United States were citizens, the fourteenth Amendment directly repudiated which of the following?

(A) Compromise of $1850$

(B) Dred Scott Decision

(C ) Johnson's Reconstruction Plan

(D) Wade-Davis Bill

Why did Congress impeach President Johnson?

Imagine that you are an adviser to President Roosevelt. Write a report explaining how his actions against trusts and railroads reflect a break with the past. Consider: Roosevelt's policies against trusts and railroads, previous policies against trusts and railroads, such as the Sherman Antitrust Act

Analyze and evaluate the motivation and rationale behind the Manifest Destiny expansion that took began in the United States in the one thousand eight hundred and forty .

Evaluate Arguments

Discuss the different viewpoints on franchise businesses.

Explain and analyze the impact of changes in transportation and marketing on both urban and rural consumers in the United States between one thousand eight hundred and sixty five to one thousand nine hundred.

As both the North and the South mobilized for war, the relative strengths and weaknesses of the "free market" and the "slave labor" economic systems became increasingly clear-particularly in their ability to support and sustain a war economy. The Union's industrial and economic capacity soared during the war as the North continued its rapid industrialization to suppress the rebellion. In the South, a smaller industrial base, fewer rail lines, and an agricultural economy based upon slave labor made mobilization of resources more difficult. As the war dragged on, the Union's advantages in factories, railroads, and manpower put the Confederacy at a great disadvantage.

-Benjamin T. Arrington, "Industry and Economy during the Civil War," $2011$

The reliance of the North on its economy to win the war is most evident in

a. the Peninsular Campaign of $1862$

b. the Battle of Antietam

c. the Battle of Gettysburg

d. Admiral Farragut's naval blockade

Explain and analyze the impact of industrialization and expanding markets on the development of TWO of the following regions between one thousand eight hundred and sixty five to one thousand nine hundred.

Northeast/Midwest

South

West

Why did George Kennan think that containment would work against Soviet expansion?