A large earthquake occurred at $45^{\circ} \mathrm{N}, 75^{\circ} \mathrm{W}$ on September 5,1994 . Which location in New York: State was closest to the epicenter of the earthquake?

(1) Buffalo:

(2) Massena

(3) Albany

(4) New York City

Where is the thickest part of Earth's crust?

(1) at the edges of the continental shelves

(2) at mid-ocean ridges

(3) under continental mountain ranges

(4) under volcanic islands.

The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the

(1) continents moved due to charges in Earth's orbital speed

(2) continents moved due to the Coriolis effect caused by Earth's rotation

(3) present-day continents of South America and Africa are moving toward each other

(4) present-day continents of South America and Africa once fit together like puzzle pleces

Decide which statement best describes the relationship between the travel rates and travel times of earthquake P-waves and S-waves from the focus of an earthquake to a seismic station.

(1) P-waves travel at a slower rate and take less time.

(2) P-waves travel at a faster rate and take less time.

(3) S-waves travel at a slower rate and take less time.

(4) S-waves travel at a faster rate and take less time.

An earthquake's P-waves traveled 4800 kilometers and arrived at a seismic station at 5:10 P.M.

At approximately what time did the earthquake occur?

According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, in which group are the zones of Earth's interior correctly arranged in order of increasing average density?

(1) crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

(2) crust, mantle, inner core, outer core

(3) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

(4) outer core, inner care, mantle, crust

What is the material between 2900 kilometers and 5200 kilometers below Earth's surface inferred to be?

(1) an iron-rich solid

(2) an iron-rich liquid

(3) a silicate-rich solid

(4) a silicate-rich liquid

Base your answers to question on Table 1 and Table 2 that follow.

$$\begin{array}{ | l | c| c| } \hline & {\textbf{Table 1}}\\ \hline {\textbf{Planet}}&{\textbf{Dverage Distance From the Sun (AU) }}&{ \textbf{Average Orbital Speed} }(\mathrm{km} / \mathrm{s}) \\ \hline {\textbf{Mercury}} & 0.4 & 48.0 \\ \hline {\textbf{Venus}} & 0.7 & 35.0 \\ \hline {\textbf{Earth}} & 1.0 & 30.0 \\ \hline {\textbf{Mars}} & 1.5 & 24.0 \\ \hline {\textbf{Jupiter}} & 5.2 & 13.0 \\ \hline {\textbf{Saturn}} &9.6 & 10.0\\ \hline {\textbf{Uranus}} &19.0 & 7.0\\ \hline {\textbf{Neptune}} & 30.0 & 5.1 \\ \hline {\textbf{Pluto}} & 39.0 & 4.7 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

$$Table 2 \begin{array}{|l|c|} \hline Asteroid & Average Distance From Sun (AU) \\ \hline Ceres & 2.8 \\ \hline Pallas & 2.8 \\ \hline Vesta & 2.4 \\ \hline Hygiea & 3.2 \\ \hline Juno & 2.7 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

On the following grid, plot the average distance from the sun and the average orbital speed for each of the eight planets and the dwarf planet Pluto listed in Table 1. Connect the nine points with a line. [2]

If the planets were all on the same side of the sun, which line best shows the correct spacing between the inner planets and their distances from the sun at a scale of 1 centimeter $=0.2 \mathrm{AU}$ ?

(An AU or astronomical unit is Earth's average distance from the sun; the sun and planets are represented by points of identical sizes, but distances between them are drawn to scale.)

(1) Sun Mercury Venus Earth Mars

(2) Sun Mercury Venus EarthMars

(3) Sunimercury Venus Earth Mars

(4) SunMercury Venus Earth Mars

The following paragraph provides information about a meteorite impact in New York State. Use data from the paragraph and your knowledge of earth science to answer questions .

Recently a New York State Geological Survey geologist has produced much evidence indicating a large meteorite impact crater in the Catskills of New York State, This supposed crater that formed approximately $375,000,000$ years ago is now buried by hundreds of feet of horizontal sedimentary rock. By drilling beneath the surface sedimentary rock, samples of various rock types have been brought up from in and around the crater.

State the geologic eon, era, and period when this supposed impact crater was formed. [2]

The following paragraph provides information about a meteorite impact in New York State. Use data from the paragraph and your knowledge of earth science to answer questions .

Recently a New York State Geological Survey geologist has produced much evidence indicating a large meteorite impact crater in the Catskills of New York State, This supposed crater that formed approximately $375,000,000$ years ago is now buried by hundreds of feet of horizontal sedimentary rock. By drilling beneath the surface sedimentary rock, samples of various rock types have been brought up from in and around the crater.

Further out from the center of the crater, the meteorite impact caused high temperatures and very high pressure, but the temperatures were not high enough to melt the rocks. What type of rock would form in this environment? [1]

The planet in the following paragraph is fictional. Use the information in the paragraph and your knowledge of earth science to answer question .

Glick is a planet in a solar system very similar to our own. Planet Glick is very similar to Earth except for the following differences. Glick's axis of rotation has no tilt. It rotates from east to west, approximately twice as fast as Earth. Zelda is a star that is visible directly over Glick's South Pole and Glotch is a star visible directly over Glick's North Pole. A latitudelongitude system such as that on Earth has been established for Glick.

If you traveled due west in the northern hemisphere of Glick at night, what changes might you observe in the altitude of the star Glotch? [1]

a. Name two ways rock layers can change. b. How does folding change, rock layers? c. Two locations include a layer of rock with a particular index fossil. In one location, the layer occurs in a higher position than in the other. What can you conclude about the history of the two areas?

Ms. Tant of New York City recently sued Mr. Bloom, also of New York City. She claimed that he had run into and injured her while he was jogging. She asked for $50,000 in damages. When she filed her suit in federal district court, Mr. Bloom’s attorney immediately moved for the case to be dismissed from the federal court for two reasons. What were they?