A nucleus with mass number $A=182$ and atomic number $Z=74$ loses two neutrons. What are the resulting (a) mass number, (b) atomic number, and ( c) neutron number?

Match each term on the left with its meaning on the right.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{prone}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. pertaining to the sole of the foot}\\ &\text{b. tail bone}\\ &\text{c. ventral cavity that contains heart, lungs, and associated structures}\\ &\text{d. toward the surface of the body (external)}\\ &\text{e. lying horizontal with face downward}\\ &\text{f. turning outward}\\ &\text{g. nearer to the center (trunk of the body)}\\ &\text{h. ventral cavity that contains digestive, reproductive, and excretory structures}\\ &\text{i. turning inward or inside out}\\ &\text{j. part of the spine known as the neck}\\ &\text{k. movement toward the median plane}\\ &\text{l. away from the head; toward the tail or lower part of a structure}\\ &\text{m. away from the surface of the body (internal)}\\ &\text{n. part of the spine known as the loin}\\ &\text{o. near the back of the body}\\ \end{aligned}$$

In a helium atom, which contains two electrons, do you think that on average the electrons are closer to the nucleus or farther away than in a hydrogen atom? Why?

Match each term on the left with its meaning on the right.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{proximal}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. pertaining to the sole of the foot}\\ &\text{b. tail bone}\\ &\text{c. ventral cavity that contains heart, lungs, and associated structures}\\ &\text{d. toward the surface of the body (external)}\\ &\text{e. lying horizontal with face downward}\\ &\text{f. turning outward}\\ &\text{g. nearer to the center (trunk of the body)}\\ &\text{h. ventral cavity that contains digestive, reproductive, and excretory structures}\\ &\text{i. turning inward or inside out}\\ &\text{j. part of the spine known as the neck}\\ &\text{k. movement toward the median plane}\\ &\text{l. away from the head; toward the tail or lower part of a structure}\\ &\text{m. away from the surface of the body (internal)}\\ &\text{n. part of the spine known as the loin}\\ &\text{o. near the back of the body}\\ \end{aligned}$$

Natural aluminum is all $_{13}^{27} \mathrm{Al}$. If it absorbs a neutron, what does it become? Does it decay by $\beta^{+}$ or $\beta^{-} ?$ What will be the product nucleus?

Consider the beta decay ${ }^{10} \mathrm{Be} \rightarrow{ }^{10} \mathrm{~B}+\beta^{-}$, with the beryllium nucleus initially at rest. (c) What are the possible energies of that other particle?

Is the mass of an atomic nucleus greater or less than the sum of the masses of the nucleons composing it? Why don't the nucleon masses add up to the total nuclear mass?

Describe how eukaryotic cells are able to keep such large amounts of DNA in the small volume of the cell nucleus. (Hint Review the structure of a chromosome in Chapter 10.)

Match each term on the left with its meaning on the right.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{thoracic}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. pertaining to the sole of the foot}\\ &\text{b. tail bone}\\ &\text{c. ventral cavity that contains heart, lungs, and associated structures}\\ &\text{d. toward the surface of the body (external)}\\ &\text{e. lying horizontal with face downward}\\ &\text{f. turning outward}\\ &\text{g. nearer to the center (trunk of the body)}\\ &\text{h. ventral cavity that contains digestive, reproductive, and excretory structures}\\ &\text{i. turning inward or inside out}\\ &\text{j. part of the spine known as the neck}\\ &\text{k. movement toward the median plane}\\ &\text{l. away from the head; toward the tail or lower part of a structure}\\ &\text{m. away from the surface of the body (internal)}\\ &\text{n. part of the spine known as the loin}\\ &\text{o. near the back of the body}\\ \end{aligned}$$

Match each term on the left with its meaning on the right.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{adduction}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. pertaining to the sole of the foot}\\ &\text{b. tail bone}\\ &\text{c. ventral cavity that contains heart, lungs, and associated structures}\\ &\text{d. toward the surface of the body (external)}\\ &\text{e. lying horizontal with face downward}\\ &\text{f. turning outward}\\ &\text{g. nearer to the center (trunk of the body)}\\ &\text{h. ventral cavity that contains digestive, reproductive, and excretory structures}\\ &\text{i. turning inward or inside out}\\ &\text{j. part of the spine known as the neck}\\ &\text{k. movement toward the median plane}\\ &\text{l. away from the head; toward the tail or lower part of a structure}\\ &\text{m. away from the surface of the body (internal)}\\ &\text{n. part of the spine known as the loin}\\ &\text{o. near the back of the body}\\ \end{aligned}$$

Match each term on the left with its meaning on the right.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{cervical}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. pertaining to the sole of the foot}\\ &\text{b. tail bone}\\ &\text{c. ventral cavity that contains heart, lungs, and associated structures}\\ &\text{d. toward the surface of the body (external)}\\ &\text{e. lying horizontal with face downward}\\ &\text{f. turning outward}\\ &\text{g. nearer to the center (trunk of the body)}\\ &\text{h. ventral cavity that contains digestive, reproductive, and excretory structures}\\ &\text{i. turning inward or inside out}\\ &\text{j. part of the spine known as the neck}\\ &\text{k. movement toward the median plane}\\ &\text{l. away from the head; toward the tail or lower part of a structure}\\ &\text{m. away from the surface of the body (internal)}\\ &\text{n. part of the spine known as the loin}\\ &\text{o. near the back of the body}\\ \end{aligned}$$

Match each term on the left with its meaning on the right.

$$\begin{aligned} \text{plantar}\qquad \qquad \qquad\quad & \text{a. pertaining to the sole of the foot}\\ &\text{b. tail bone}\\ &\text{c. ventral cavity that contains heart, lungs, and associated structures}\\ &\text{d. toward the surface of the body (external)}\\ &\text{e. lying horizontal with face downward}\\ &\text{f. turning outward}\\ &\text{g. nearer to the center (trunk of the body)}\\ &\text{h. ventral cavity that contains digestive, reproductive, and excretory structures}\\ &\text{i. turning inward or inside out}\\ &\text{j. part of the spine known as the neck}\\ &\text{k. movement toward the median plane}\\ &\text{l. away from the head; toward the tail or lower part of a structure}\\ &\text{m. away from the surface of the body (internal)}\\ &\text{n. part of the spine known as the loin}\\ &\text{o. near the back of the body}\\ \end{aligned}$$

The two ions $K^+}and $Ca^{2+}$ each have 18 electrons surrounding the nucleus. Which would you expect to have the smaller radius? Why?

Calculate the mass defect for the neon-20 nucleus. The mass of neon-20 is $19.992440 ~u$. (Hint: How many protons and neutrons does neon-20 have?)