A piston-cylinder device contains steam that undergoes a reversible thermodynamic cycle. Initially the steam is at 400 kPa and 350$^\circ{}$C with a volume of 0.5 m^3. The steam is first expanded isothermally to 150 kPa, then compressed adiabatically to the initial pressure, and finally compressed at the constant pressure to the initial state. Determine the net work and heat transfer for the cycle after you calculate the work and heat interaction for each process.

A piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.6 m^3 of saturated water vapor at 250 kPa. At this state, the piston is resting on a set of stops, and the mass of the piston is such that a pressure of 300 kPa is required to move it. Heat is now slowly transferred to the steam until the volume doubles. Show the process on a $P-v$ diagram with respect to saturation lines and determine ($a$) the final temperature, ($b$) the work done during this process, and ($c$) the total heat transfer. Answers: ($a$) 662$^\circ{}$C, ($b$) 180 kJ, ($c$) 910 kJ

Steam is to be condensed in the condenser of a steam power plant at a temperature of 60$^\circ{}$C with cooling water from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the condenser at 18$^\circ{}$C at a rate of 75 kg/s and leaves at 27$^\circ{}$C. Assuming the condenser to be perfectly insulated, determine (a) the rate of condensation of the steam and (b) the rate of entropy generation in the condenser. Answers: (a) 1.20 kg/s, (b) 1.06 kW/K

An insulated piston–cylinder device contains 5 L of saturated liquid water at a constant pressure of 150 kPa. An electric resistance heater inside the cylinder is now turned on, and 2200 kJ of energy is transferred to the steam. Determine the entropy change of the water during this process.

Propane is compressed isothermally by a piston-cylinder device from $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and 1 MPa to 4 MPa. Using the generalized charts, determine the work done and the heat transfer per unit mass of propane.