A police officer questions a child who was an eyewitness to a crime. The officer is most likely to get accurate information if she: a. first tells the child all about the crime the way she thinks it unfolded. b. uses neutral, age appropriate words and is the first to interview the child. c. uses neutral, age appropriate words and is the last to interview the child. d. uses suggestive techniques to get the story from the child. e. tells the child a story about a similar crime to get the child thinking about possibly similar details.

Which of the following is an example of variable-ratio reinforcement ? a. Collages acceptance letters arrive around the date of April 1. b. Percy gives his dog walks by strangers without barking. c. Esmeralda disliked substitute teacher, so she scowled every time she looked at him. d. Judy discovered a shark's tooth after several hours of searching for one on the beach. e. When Stu had been working on his homework for one hour, his mother allowed him to go outside ans play.

Paul was unable to correctly identify the right shade of blue his wife wanted at the paint store, so he purchased various hues and brought them home. Apparently the ability to detect the varieties of the different blues fell below Paul’s a. signal detection. b. absolute threshold. c. difference threshold. d. excitatory level. e. inhibitory level.

Dr. Warren is testing the link between the consumption of caffeine and a person’s memory. She randomly divides 300 participants into three groups and gives each participant an energy drink to consume. Some of the drinks have high levels of caffeine, some have medium amounts, and some have none at all—but they all taste the same. About 30 minutes later, she has the participants play a memory game on the computer where they have to match faces and names together. At the end of the game, the computer thanks them for playing, and their scores are sent to Dr.Warren’s lab. The dependent variable in the experiment is a. how quickly the participants matched the names and faces. b. the participants’ scores from the memory game. c. the amount of caffeine they consumed. d. their explanations about how they played the game. e. the amount of caffeine they consume in a typical week.

The Big Five model suggests that people can be rated along the dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion. This theory is best associated, with which of the following? a. Trait theory. b. Psychodynamic theory. c. The cognitive approach. d. The humanistic approach. c. The biological approach.

A police officer who asks a witness to recall details about someone suspected of a crime would be asking the witness to a. listen to recordings of several voices to determine if the suspect’s voice is detected. b. select the suspect from a visual lineup of several similar people. c. describe the suspect’s physical qualities to a police sketch describe the suspect’s physical qualities to a police sketch artist. d. determine if the suspect’s motive for the shooting seems believable. e. imagine a scenario in which the suspect could have acted in self-defense.

Which of the following coefficients reflects the strongest correlation between two variables? a. 0.42 b. -0.31 c. 0.74 d. -0.88 e. 0.86

Joe is taking a new job on the rught shift next week. His supervisors have informed him that initially he may have some problems with his level of alertness and his memory as his adjusts to his new schedule. Joe's supervisors are sharing with Joe their, knowledge of a. circadian knowledge of. b. REM sleep. c. Speed spindles. d. the social clock. e. NREM sleep.

A researcher, who is trying to determine how social-cultural changes might be correlated with the incidence of bipolar disorder would be most int e rested in which of the following? a. The brain changes in a person, with bipolar disorder as measured by a PET scan. b. Scientific measures of the heritability of the disorder. c The correlation between rates of poverty and cases of the disorder. d. Neurotransmitter levels in patients diagnosed with the disorder. e. The number of close biological relatives who also suffer from bipolar disorder.

Dorothea Dix was a passionate advocate for a. reform in the treatment of the mentally ill b. the elimination of culturally-biased IQ tests. c. identifying and reducing the self-fulfilling prophecy in schools. d. changing the way disorders are classified in the DSM-5. e. creating an alternative to the use of psychopharmacological medication.

Martin Seligman developed the concept of learned helplessness, the tendency of organisms to give up in situations in which they feel their efforts make no difference. This concept is closely linked to which of the following psychological disorders? a. Agoraphobia. b. Schizophrenia. c. Depression. d. Generalized anxiety disorder. e. Histrionic personality disorder.

The work of Elizabeth Loftus and other researchers has led to significant changes in the way courts and police officers think about a. the traumatic effects of solitary confinement. b. whether patients with schizophrenia can be forced to take medication against their will. c. whether the insanity defense is a legitimate method for handling legally insane individuals. d. whether spouses should be forced to testify against their spouses on the witness stand. e. the accuracy of eyewitness testimony and identification.

Many people prefer meat that is 80 percent lean instead of 20 percent fat, even though they are the same thing. Which concept is being used when the same information is presented in a more desirable way? a. Intuition. b. Insight. c. Framing. d. Overconfidence. e. Perseverance.

Seeking out information that supports our previously held beliefs, while discounting information that questions those beliefs, is an obstacle to problem solving known as a. functional fixedness. b. a logical fallacy. c. overconfidence d. mental set. e. confirmation bias.