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Question

(a) Prove that there exist unique scalars c0,c1,,cnc_0,c_1,\dots,c_n such that

f(1)+f(2)=c0f(0)+c1f(1)++cnf(n)f(-1)+f(-2)=c_0f(0)+c_1f(1)+\dots+c_nf(n)

for every polynomial f(x)f(x) in Pn\mathcal{P}_n. (b) Find the scalars c0,c1,c2,c3,c_0,c_1,c_2,c_3, and c4c_4 such that

f(1)+f(2)=c0f(0)+c1f(1)+c2f(2)+c3f(3)+c4f(4)f(-1)+f(-2)=c_0f(0)+c_1f(1)+c_2f(2)+c_3f(3)+c_4f(4)

for every polynomial f(x)f(x) in P4\mathcal{P}_4.

Solution

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(a)

According to Exercise 77\textit{Exercise 77}, there exist unique scalars c0,c1,,cnc_0,c_1,\dots,c_n such that

21f(x)dx=c0f(0)+c1f(1)++cnf(n)\int\limits_{-2}^{-1}f(x)dx=c_0f(0)+c_1f(1)+\dots+c_nf(n)

for every polynomial f(x)f(x) in Pn\mathcal{P}_n. The expression on the left is a number determined uniquely by a polynomial f(x)f(x), if we switch this expression with f(1)+f(2)f(-1)+f(-2), this is still determined uniquely by the polynomial f(x)f(x) and it doesn't change the statement.

Therefore, there exist unique scalars c0,c1,,cnc_0,c_1,\dots,c_n such that

f(1)+f(2)=c0f(0)+c1f(1)++cnf(n)f(-1)+f(-2)=c_0f(0)+c_1f(1)+\dots+c_nf(n)

for every polynomial f(x)f(x) in Pn\mathcal{P}_n.

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