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Question

A researcher wants to know if the octane level of gasoline affects the gas mileage of a car. She randomly selects 10 cars and puts 5 gallons of 87-octane gasoline in the tank. On a closed track, each car is driven at 50 miles per hour until it runs out of gas. The experiment is repeated, with each car getting 5 gallons of 92-octane gasoline. The miles per gallon for each car are then computed. The results are shown. Would you recommend purchasing 92 octane? Why or why not?

87 Octane92 Octane87 Octane92 Octane18.018.523.422.823.223.123.123.531.531.919.019.524.926.726.826.224.125.131.830.7\begin{matrix} \text{87 Octane} & \text{92 Octane} & \text{87 Octane} & \text{92 Octane}\\ \text{18.0} & \text{18.5} & \text{23.4} & \text{22.8}\\ \text{23.2} & \text{23.1} & \text{23.1} & \text{23.5}\\ \text{31.5} & \text{31.9} & \text{19.0} & \text{19.5}\\ \text{24.9} & \text{26.7} & \text{26.8} & \text{26.2}\\ \text{24.1} & \text{25.1} & \text{31.8} & \text{30.7}\\ \end{matrix}

Solution

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Answered 2 years ago
Answered 2 years ago
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Let's redo the given table, but with computed differences in the matched-pairs observations and the ranks (from smallest to largest) of the absolute value of the differences.

[Car87 Octane, X92 Octane, YD=YXSigned Ranks118.018.50.54.5223.223.10.11331.531.90.42.5424.926.71.810524.125.11.08623.422.80.66.5723.123.50.42.5819.019.50.54.5926.826.20.66.51031.830.71.19]\begin{bmatrix}\text{Car} & \text{87 Octane, }X & \text{92 Octane, Y} & D=Y-X & \text{Signed Ranks}\\ \hline \\ 1 & 18.0 & 18.5 & \phantom{-}0.5 & \phantom{-}4.5\\ 2 & 23.2 & 23.1 & -0.1 & -1\\ 3 & 31.5 & 31.9 & \phantom{-}0.4 & \phantom{-}2.5\\ 4 & 24.9 & 26.7 & \phantom{-}1.8 & \phantom{-}10\\ 5 & 24.1 & 25.1 & \phantom{-}1.0 & \phantom{-}8\\ 6 & 23.4 & 22.8 & -0.6 & -6.5\\ 7 & 23.1 & 23.5 & \phantom{-}0.4 & \phantom{-}2.5\\ 8 & 19.0 & 19.5 & \phantom{-}0.5 & \phantom{-}4.5\\ 9 & 26.8 & 26.2 & -0.6 & -6.5\\ 10 & 31.8 & 30.7 & -1.1 & -9 \end{bmatrix}

Since we expect the 92 Octane to be better than 87 Octane, most of the differences DD should be positive. This results in small value of TT_{-}. Now, let's compute the value of TT_{-}.

T=1+(6.5)+(6.5)+(9)=23\begin{aligned} T_{-}&=-1+(-6.5)+(-6.5)+(-9)\\\\ &=-\pmb{23} \end{aligned}

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