A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. Use a diagram to show why some areas of the Earth see a total eclipse, other areas see a partial eclipse, and most areas see no eclipse

In your model, what represents Earth? The sun? The moon?

For a science fair, you want to make a model of the moon orbiting Earth by using two different balls. The diameter of the ball that will represent Earth will be about $62 \mathrm{~cm}$. You want your model to be to scale. If the moon is about 4 times smaller than Earth, what should the diameter of the ball that represents the moon be?

Make a model that includes the Sun, Earth, and the Moon. Use your model to demonstrate how the Moon revolves around Earth and how Earth and the Moon revolve around the Sun.

Is the angle of Polaris above the horizon for someone standing at Point C (${45^\circ}$,${90^\circ}$ , or ${180^\circ}$)? ________ degrees

A narrow white light beam is incident on a block of fused quartz at an angle of $30.0^{\circ}$. Find the angular width of the light beam inside the quartz.

The speed of a water wave is described by $v=\sqrt{g d}$, where $d$ is the water depth, assumed to be small compared to the wavelength. Because their speed changes, water waves refract when moving into a region of different depth. Suppose waves approach the coast, carrying energy with uniform density along originally straight wave fronts. Show that the energy reaching the coast is concentrated at the headlands and has lower intensity in the bays.

The speed of a water wave is described by $v=\sqrt{g d}$, where d is the water depth, assumed to be small compared to the wavelength. Because their speed changes, water waves refract when moving into a region of different depth. Sketch a map of an ocean beach on the eastern side of a landmass. Show contour lines of constant depth under water, assuming reasonably uniform slope. Sketch a map of a coastline with alternating bays and headlands, as suggested in the given figure. Again make a reasonable guess about the shape of contour lines of constant depth. Suppose that waves approach the coast, carrying energy with uniform density along originally straight wavefronts. Show that the energy reaching the coast is concentrated at the headlands and has lower intensity in the bays.

The speed of a water wave is described by $v=\sqrt{g d}$, where d is the water depth, assumed to be small compared to the wavelength. Because their speed changes, water waves refract when moving into a region of different depth. Sketch a map of an ocean beach on the eastern side of a landmass. Show contour lines of constant depth under water, assuming reasonably uniform slope. Suppose that waves approach the coast from a storm far away to the north-northeast. Demonstrate that the waves will move nearly perpendicular to the shoreline when they reach the beach.

The speed of a water wave is described by , where d is the water depth, assumed to be small compared to the wavelength. Because their speed changes, water waves refract when moving into a region of different depth. (a) Sketch a map of an ocean beach on the eastern side of a landmass. Show contour lines of constant depth under water, assuming a reasonably uniform slope. (b) Suppose waves approach the coast from a storm far away to the north–northeast. Demonstrate that the waves move nearly perpendicular to the shoreline when they reach the beach. (c) Sketch a map of a coastline with alternating bays and headlands. Again make a reasonable guess about the shape of contour lines of constant depth. (d) Suppose waves approach the coast, carrying energy with uniform density along originally straight wave fronts. Show that the energy reaching the coast is concentrated at the headlands and has lower intensity in the bays. $v = \sqrt { g d }$

The reflecting surfaces of two intersecting flat mirrors are at an angle $\theta\left(0^{\circ}<\theta<90^{\circ}\right)$, as shown in Figure , For a light ray that strikes the horizontal mirror, show that the emerging ray will intersect the incident ray at an angle $\beta=180^{\circ}-2 \theta$

Light passes from air into flint glass. (a) What angle of incidence must the light have if the component of its velocity perpendicular to the interface is to remain constant? (b) What If? Can the component of velocity parallel to the interface remain constant during refraction?

When you look through a window, by how much time is the light you see delayed by having to go through glass instead of air? Make an order-of-magnitude estimate on the basis of data you specify. By how many wavelengths is it delayed?

Three sheets of plastic have unknown indices of refraction. Sheet 1 is placed on top of sheet 2, and a laser beam is directed onto the sheets from above. The laser beam enters sheet 1 and then strikes the interface between sheet 1 and sheet 2 at an angle of 26.5 $^ { \circ }$ with the normal. The refracted beam in sheet 2 makes an angle of 31.7$^ { \circ }$ with the normal. The experiment is repeated with sheet 3 on top of sheet 2, and, with the same angle of incidence on the sheet 3–sheet 2 interface, the refracted beam makes an angle of 36.7$^ { \circ }$ with the normal. If the experiment is repeated again with sheet 1 on top of sheet 3, with that same angle of incidence on the sheet 1–sheet 3 interface, what is the expected angle of refraction in sheet 3?