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Question

A test has three parts. Part A consists of eight true-false questions, Part B consists of five multiple choice questions with five choices each, and Part C requires you to match five questions with five different answers one-to-one. Assuming that you make random guesses in filling out your answer sheet, what is the probability that you will earn 100% on the test? (Leave your answer as a formula.)

Solution

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Answered 2 years ago
Answered 2 years ago
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Recall that the probability of an event EE in case all the outcomes are equally likely is

P(E)=n(E)n(S)\begin{equation} P(E) = \dfrac{n(E)}{n(S)} \end{equation}

where SS is the sample space.

The sample space SS consists of all possible answer sheets to the test. Let's find the cardinality of SS using the following decision algorithm:

Step 1\textbf{Step 1}. Solve part A. There are 8 true-false questions. Each of them can be solved in 2 ways (either true or false). According to multiplication principle, there are 282^8 ways to solve part A.

Step 2\textbf{Step 2}. Solve part B. There are 5 questions with 5 choices each. Each of them can be solved in 5 ways. According to multiplication principle, there are 555^5 ways to solve part B.

Step 3\textbf{Step 3}. Solve part C. There are 5 question that need to be matched with 5 answers. There are 5!5! possible ways to arrange 5 answers to fit the questions.

Using multiplication principle, we get

n(S)=28×55×5!n(S) = 2^8\times 5^5 \times 5!

Let EE be the event that all the answers are correct. Obviously there is only one outcome in EE.

n(E)=1n(E) = 1

Using formula (1), we get P(E)=128×55×5!P(E) = \dfrac{1}{2^8\times 5^5 \times 5!}

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