a. Write a C++ function named fracpart() that returns the fractional part of any number passed to it. For example, if the number 256.879 is passed to fracpart(), the number 0.879 should be returned. Have fracpart() call the whole() function you wrote in previous Exercise. The number returned can then be determined as the number passed to fracpart() less the returned value when the same argument is passed to whole(). The completed program should consist of main() followed by fracpart() followed by whole(). b. Include the function written in Exercise 13a in a working program. Make sure your function is called from main() and returns a value to main() correctly. Have main() use a cout statement to display the returned value. Test the function by passing various data to it.

a. Write a C++ function named whole() that returns the integer part of any number passed to the function. (Hint: Assign the passed argument to an integer variable.) b. Include the function written in previous Exercise in a working program. Make sure your function is called from main() and returns a value to main() correctly. Have main() use a cout statement to display the returned value. Test the function by passing various data to it.

A useful function using no parameters can be constructed to return a value for $\pi$ that’s accurate to the maximum number of decimal places your computer allows. This value is obtained by taking the arcsine of 1.0, which is $\pi$ / 2, and multiplying the result by 2. In C++, the required expression is 2.0 * asin(1.0); the asin() function is provided in the standard C++ mathematics library. (Remember to include cmath in your preprocessor directives.) Using this expression, write a C++ function named pi() that calculates and displays the value of $\pi$. (In the next section, you see how to return this value to the calling function.)

(Numerical) a. The following is an extremely useful programming algorithm for rounding a real number to n decimal places: Step 1: Multiply the number by 10n Step 2: Add 0.5 Step 3: Delete the fractional part of the result Step 4: Divide by 10n For example, using this algorithm to round the number 78.374625 to three decimal places yields: Step 1: 78.374625 * 103 = 78374.625 Step 2: 78374.625 + 0.5 = 78375.125 Step 3: Retaining the integer part = 78375 Step 4: 78375 divided by 103 = 78.375 Using this algorithm, write a C++ function that accepts a user-entered value and returns the result rounded to two decimal places. b. Enter, compile, and execute the program written for Exercise 11a.

a. The load, Pcr, in units of kips, applied to a column that causes the column to buckle is referred to as the critical buckling load. This load can be determined by using this formula: Pcr = $\pi^2 E A / (L / r)^2$ E is the modulus of elasticity of the column’s material. A is the cross-sectional area. L is the length of the column. r is the column’s radius of gyration. Using this formula, write a C++ function named cLoad() that accepts values of E, A, L, and r and returns the critical buckling load. b. Include the function written in previous Exercise in a working program. Make sure your function is called from main() and returns a value to main() correctly. Have main() use a cout statement to display the returned value. Test the function by passing various data to it.

a. Modify the function written for previous Exercise to accept the starting value of the table, the number of values to be displayed, and the increment between values. If the increment isn’t sent explicitly, the function should use a default value of 1. Name your function selTab(). A call to selTab(6,5,2); should produce a table of five lines, the first line starting with the number 6 and each succeeding number increasing by 2. b. Include the function written in Exercise 10a in a working program. Make sure your function is called from main(). Test the function by passing various data to it.

Your company will soon open a new office in France. So that it can do business there, your manager has asked you to prepare a comprehensive package that performs the following American-to-metric conversions on demand:

$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline \text { Measure } & \text { American } & \text { Metric } & \text { Formula } \\ \hline \text { distance } & \text { inch } & \text { centimeter } & 2.54 \mathrm{~cm} / \mathrm{in} \\ & \text { foot } & \text { meter } & 0.305 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{ft} \\ & \text { yard } & \text { meter } & 0.9144 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{yd} \\ & \text { mile } & \text { kilometer } & 1.6109 \mathrm{~km} / \mathrm{mi} \\ \hline \text { temperature } & \text { Fahrenheit } & \text { Celsius } & \mathrm{C}=(5 / 9)(\mathrm{F}-32) \\ \hline \text { weight } & \text { pound } & \text { kilogram } & 0.454 \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{b} \\ & \text { ounce } & \text { gram } & 28.35 \mathrm{gm} / \mathrm{oz} \\ \hline \text { currency } & \text { dollar } & \text { franc } & \text { entered by the user, } \\ & & & \text { about } 5 \mathrm{francs} / \$ \\ \hline \text { capacity } & \text { quart } & \text { liter } & 0.946 \text { liter/qt } \\ & \text { teaspoon } & \text { milliliter } & 4.9 \mathrm{ml} / \mathrm{tsp} \\ \hline \text { math } & \begin{array}{l} \text { degree } \\ \text { degree } \end{array} & \text { radian } & \mathrm{rad}=(\pi / 180)(\text { degree }) \\ & \text { grad } & \mathrm{grad}=(200 / 180)(\text { degree }) \\ \hline \end{array}$$

a. For the following section of code, determine the data type and scope of all declared variables on a separate sheet of paper, using the column headings shown in the following chart. (The entries for the first variable have been filled in.)

$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|} \hline \text { Variable Name } & \text { Data Type } & \text { Scope } \\ \hline \text { volts } & \text { int } & \text{ global to main (), roi (), and step () } \\ \hline \end{array}$$

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int volts;
long int resistance;
double current;
int main() {
    int power;
    double factor, time;
    ..return 0;
}
double roi(int mat1, int mat2) {
    int count;
    double weight;
    ..return weight;
}
int step(double first, double last) {
    int hours;
    double fracpart;
    ..return 10 * hours;
}

b. Draw boxes around the appropriate section of the preceding code to enclose each variable’s scope. c. Determine the data type of parameters that the roi() and step() functions expect and the data type of the value these functions return.

The volume, v, and side surface area, s, of a cylinder are given by the formulas v= $\pi r^2l$ s = 2$\pi$rl where r is the cylinder’s radius, and l is its length. Using these formulas, write and test a function named cylinder() that accepts a cylinder’s radius and length and returns its volume and side surface area.

For the following function headers, determine the number, type, and order (sequence) of the values that must be passed to the function: a. void factorial(int n) b. void volts(int res, double induct, double cap) c. void power(int type, double induct, double cap) d. void flag(char type, double current, double time) e. void total(double amount, double rate) f. void roi(int a, int b, char c, char d, double e, double f) g. void getVal(int item, int iter, char decflag, char delim)

Rewrite earlier Program so that the findMax() function accepts two doubleprecision arguments and returns a double-precision value to main(). Make sure to modify main() to pass two double-precision values to findMax() and to accept and store the double-precision value returned by findMax().

The volume, V, of a right circular cylinder is given by the formula

$$V=\pi r^2 h$$

where r is the cylinder’s radius and h is the cylinder’s height. Write a function that accepts two double-precision arguments—a cylinder’s radius and height—and returns the cylinder’s volume.

Write parameter declarations for the following: a. A parameter named slope that will be a reference to a double-precision value b. A parameter named energy that will be a reference to a double-precision number c. A parameter named minutes that will be a reference to an integer number d. A parameter named key that will be a reference to a character e. A parameter named yield that will be a reference to a double-precision number

a. List the storage categories available to local variables. b. List the storage categories available to global variables.