Abbreviations used in general disorders of the gastrointestinal system. Healthcare providers often use abbreviations when communicating verbally and in writing. Fill in the blank with the correct abbreviation from the provided word bank. LO 5.3, 5.A, 5.E

IBD IBS GI The patient has been diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, and therefore has a form of .

Discuss each of the following statements from the standpoints of equality and efficiency.

a. "Everyone in society should be guaranteed the best healthcare possible."

b. "When workers are laid off, they should be able to collect unemployment benefits until they find a new job."

Genetic information can be applied in healthcare, agriculture, forensics, and many other fields. Describe a situation in which genetic information such as this karyotype could have either a positive or negative impact on your daily life. Explain your reasoning.

The following table shows a portion of the monthly returns data (in percent) for 2010-2016 for two of Vanguard's mutual funds: the Vanguard Energy Fund and the Vanguard Healthcare Fund.

$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|} \hline \text { Date } & \text { Energy } & \text { Healthcare } \\ \hline \text { Jan-10 } & -4.86 & -0.13 \\ \hline \text { Feb-10 } & 1.50 & 0.58 \\ \hline \vdots & \vdots & \vdots \\ \hline \text { Dec-16 } & -0.30 & -5.26 \\ \hline \end{array}$$

b. Specify the competing hypotheses in order to determine whether the population correlation coefficient is different from zero.

Suppose that the president proposes a new law aimed at reducing healthcare costs: All Americans are required to eat one apple daily.

How would the law affect the marginal product and the value of the marginal product of apple pickers?

A mutual fund is a professionally managed investment that can be sold to the general public. Mutual funds can be specialized into different categories such as healthcare-related or technology-related mutual funds. The following table lists the 3-month rates of return, in percent, for samples of health-care related and technology-related mutual funds, as reported by Morningstar, an independent investment research company. \

$$\begin{array}{ccccc|ccccc} \hline & {\text { Healthcare }} & {\text { }} &{\text { }} &{\text { }} &{\text { Technology }} \\ \hline 9.7 & 9.5 & 7.6 & 6.8 & 6.7 & 6.5 & 6.4 & 6.4 & 6.2 & 4.9 \\ 6.7 & 6.6 & 4.6 & 3.9 & 3.9 & 4.6 & 4.6 & 4.2 & 3.6 & 3.2 \\ 3.7 & 3.3 & 3.0 & 0.8 & -9.9 & 2.9 & 2.8 & 2.7 & 2.5 & \\ \hline \end{array}$$

Use the technology of your choice to answer the following questions. Explain your answers. a. If you had to choose between the use of pooled t-procedures and nonpooled t -procedures here, which would you choose? b. Is it reasonable to use the type of procedure that you selected in part (a)?

Let's say the president of the United States wishes to estimate the percentage of the population that agrees with his present stance on changes to the healthcare system. The estimate must be within.04 of the actual proportion, according to the president. Count on a 95% level of certainty. The political advisers to the president located a comparable poll from two years prior that showed 60% of respondents were in favour of making changes to the health care system. Using this, find how large of a sample would be necessary if no estimate were available for the proportion supporting current policy?

Workers in several industries were surveyed to determine the proportion of workers who feel their industry is understaffed. In the government sector, 37% of the respondents said they were understaffed, in the healthcare sector 33% said they were understaffed, and in the education sector, 28% said they were understaffed (USA Today, January 11, 2010). Suppose that 200 workers were surveyed in each industry. a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of workers in each of these industries who feel their industry is understaffed.

A mutual fund is a professionally managed investment that can be sold to the general public. The following table lists the 3-month rates of return, in percent, for samples of healthcare-related and technology-related mutual funds, as reported by Morningstar, an independent investment research company.\

$$\begin{array}{lcccr|ccccc} \hline {\text { Healthcare}} & {\text { }} &{\text { }} &{\text { }} &{\text { }} &{\text { Technology }} \\ \hline 9.7 & 9.5 & 7.6 & 6.8 & 6.7 & 6.5 & 6.4 & 6.4 & 6.2 & 4.9 \\ 6.7 & 6.6 & 4.6 & 3.9 & 3.9 & 4.6 & 4.6 & 4.2 & 3.6 & 3.2 \\ 3.7 & 3.3 & 3.0 & 0.8 & -9.9 & 2.9 & 2.8 & 2.7 & 2.5 & \\ \hline \end{array}$$

a) Use the technology of your choice to obtain normal probability plots and boxplots for the two samples.
b) Is it reasonable to use the pooled t~test to perform a hypothesis test here? Explain your answer.
c) Is it reasonable to use the Mann-Whitney test to perform a hypothesis test here? Explain your answer.

U.S. healthcare per person costs twice that of other rich countries. Does the United States overprovide? Do other countries underprovide? What economic concepts do you need to answer? What data might be relevant?

One of the more common adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy is the destruction of leukocytes. Before his next scheduled chemotherapy treatment, a patient undergoes a blood test called an absolute neutrophil count (ANC), which reveals that his neutrophil count is 1900 cells per microliter. Would his healthcare team be likely to proceed with his chemotherapy treatment? Why?

[Related to the Apply the Concept on page 224] A report from the American Council on Competitiveness noted that “there has been some recent progress in the digital health sector, which aims to better integrate information and software technologies into all aspects of healthcare.” The report also concluded that “the U.S. has rather poor health outcomes relative to other developed countries and stands out as having exceptionally low healthcare productivity when measuring outcomes against spending.”

Briefly discuss the evidence for and against U.S. health care performing poorly relative to other countries when comparing outcomes to spending.

Let's say the president of the United States wishes to estimate the percentage of the population that agrees with his present stance on changes to the healthcare system. The estimate must be within.04 of the actual proportion, according to the president. Count on a 95% level of certainty. The political advisers to the president located a comparable poll from two years prior that showed 60% of respondents were in favour of making changes to the health care system. Using this, find how large of a sample is required?

Circle the BEST answer.
Preventing healthcare-associated infections involves
a Sterilizing all care items
b Over-prescribing antibiotics
c Hand hygiene before and after giving care
d Using Transmission-Based Precautions for all persons