An 18-month-old typically recognizes herself in a mirror. This self-awareness contributes to a. self-assurance. b. self-concept. c. self-esteem. d. self-actualization. e. self-determination.

What do we call an optimal window of opportunity for proper development? a. Attachment b. A critical period c. A social period e. A parenting style

Vygotsky called the space between what a child could learn with and without help the a. theory of mind. b. zone of abstract logic. c. zone of abstract reasoning. d. zone of proximal development. e. zone of developmental readiness.

Which of the following cognitive abilities is possible only at the formal operational stage? a. Reversing arithmetic operations. b. Using a theory of mind to predict the behavior of others. c. Using hypothetical situations as the basis of moral reasoning. d. Using symbolic thinking for pretend play. e. Understanding basic physics to recognize impossible situations.

Which of the following identifies the parenting style most likely to harshly punish a teen who has been accused of wrongdoing without first hearing from the teen? a. Authoritative b. Authoritarian c. Permissive d. Detached e. Negligent

Which of the following is a current belief of researchers that differs from Piaget's original theories? a. Infants simply have less information about the world than older children and adults. b. Object permanence develops earlier than Piaget believed. c. Infants learn more by verbal explanations than Piaget believed. d. Accommodation is a process that doesn't occur in young children. e. Schemas don't form until later than Piaget believed.

Which of the following would be considered a sign of secure attachment in a 1-year-old? a. Showing no sign of stranger anxiety, whether the parent is present or not. b. Paying no attention to a parent who re turns after a brief separation. c. Showing anger at the parent after a brief separation. d. Becoming distressed when the parent leaves and seeking contact on return. e. Not reacting to a parent leaving or returning after a brief. separation.

Describe how positive identity and high self-esteem can help you with goal setting developing relationships, and contributing to your community.

Which level of moral reasoning includes a focus on upholding laws in order to gain social approval? a. Collectivist. b. Preconventional. c. Conventional. d. Postconventional. e. Formal operational.

Unlike the psychodynamic theory, the humanistic-existential perspective emphasizes__________.

A. self-awareness.

B. self-determination.

C. self-efficacy.

D. self-concept.

_____ focused on moral intuition and how people feel about moral situations _____, however, was more interested in moral reasoning and how people think about moral situations. a. Kohlberg; Erikson. b. Erikson; Kohlberg. c. Piaget; Kohlberg. d. Piaget; Erikson e. Haidt; Kohlberg.

Your level of confidence in your own abilities is known as ________.
a. self-efficacy
b. self-concept
c. self-control
d. self-esteem

Studies done by Harry and Margaret Harlow found that

a. nutrition was the most important factor in attachment.

b. contact comfort was the most important factor in attachment.

c. the surrogate mother's appearance was the most important attachment factor.

d. monkeys were equally likely to become attached to either surrogate mother.

e. the monkeys didn't form attachments to the surrogate mothers.

Which of the following would indicate that a child understands conservation? a. She would continue to seek a toy hidden under a blanket. b. She would "hide" in a game of hide-and-seek by covering her eyes with her hands. c. She would believe that a clay snake would have the same amount of clay as the clay ball that was used to make it. d. She would recognize that 7+3 involves the same mathematical relationship as 10-7. e. She would be able to comprehend the logic of if then statements.