An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18.2. Air is at $120^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and 14.7 psia at the beginning of the compression process and at 3200 R at the end of the heat-addition process. Determine the exergy destruction associated with the heat rejection process of the cycle, assuming a source temperature of 3200 R and a sink temperature of 540 R. Also, determine the exergy at the end of the isentropic expansion process. Account for the variation of specific heats with temperature.

What is the second-law efficiency? How does it differ from the first-law efficiency?

Determine the second-law efficiency of an ideal regenerator in the Brayton cycle.

An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18.2. Air is at $120^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and 14.7 psia at the beginning of the compression process and at 3200 R at the end of the heat- addition process. Accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine (a) the cutoff ratio, (b) the heat rejection per unit mass, and (c) the thermal efficiency.

An ideal Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18 and a cutoff ratio of 1.5. Determine the maximum air temperature and the rate of heat addition to this cycle when it produces 200 hp of power, the cycle is repeated 1200 times per minute; and the state of the air at the beginning of the compression is 95 kPa and $17^{\circ} \mathrm{C}.$ Use constant specific heats at room temperature.

An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 7. At the beginning of the compression process, $P_{1}=90\ \mathrm{kPa}, T_{1}=27^{\circ} \mathrm{C},$ and $V_{1}=0.004\ \mathrm{m}^{3}.$ The maximum cycle temperature is $1127^{\circ}\ \mathrm{C}.$ For each repetition of the cycle, calculate the heat rejection and the net work production. Also calculate the thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure for this cycle. Use constant specific heats at room temperature.

Write an explicit formula for each sequence. 1, 4, 7, 10,...

An ideal Otto cycle with air as the working fluid has a compression ratio of 8. The minimum and maximum temperatures in the cycle are 540 and 2400 R. Accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine (a) the amount of heat transferred to the air during the heat-addition process, (b ) the thermal efficiency, and (c) the thermal efficiency of a Carnot cycle operating between the same temperature limits.

An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 8. At the beginning of the compression process, air is at 95 kPa and $27^{\circ} \mathrm{C},$ and 750 kJ/kg of heat is transferred to air during the constant-volume heat-addition process. Taking into account the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine (a) the pressure and temperature at the end of the heat-addition process.

How are facilitated diffusion and active transport similar? How are they different?

An ideal Otto cycle has a compression ratio of 10.5, takes in air at 90 kPa and 408C, and is repeated 2500 times per minute. Using constant specific heats at room temperature, determine the thermal efficiency of this cycle and the rate of heat input if the cycle is to produce 90 kW of power.

Define

$$f ( x ) = x \sin \frac { 1 } { x } + 2$$

for

$$x \neq 0.$$

Plot f. How should f(0) be defined so that f is continuous at x = 0?

An air-standard Diesel cycle has a compression ratio of 18.2. Air is at $120^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$ and 14.7 psia at the beginning of the compression process and at 3200 R at the end of the heat-addition process. Accounting for the variation of specific heats with temperature, determine (a) the cutoff ratio, (b) the heat rejection per unit mass, and (c) the thermal efficiency.

factor the expression and use the fundamental identities to simplify. There is more than one correct form of each answer. cos x - 2 / cos^2 x - 4