An aluminum ion,

$$\text{Al}^{3+}$$

, is only one-third the size of an aluminum atom. How would you explain this?

Which element in the transition-metal series Sc through Zn has five unpaired electrons in its +3 ion?

Although the molecule $\mathrm{H}_{3}$ is not stable, the ion $\mathrm{H}_{3}{ }^{+}$ is. Explain, using the Pauli exclusion principle.

Write the ground-state electron configuration for the common ion formed by each of the following elements :
(a) lithium
(b) selenium
(c) iodine

Give the formula of a negative ion that would have the same number of electrons as each of the following positive ions. $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$

Confirm that the $\left[\mathrm{IFF}_5\right]^{2-}$ ion (the structure is given above) has $C_{5 v}$ symmetry.

Draw the substitution product formed when cis-1-bromo-4-methylcyclohexane and hydroxide ion undergo an

$$S_N2$$

reaction.

The individual chloride ion $\left(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right)$has one more electron than it has protons. Determine the magnitude of charge on this chloride ion. (a) $1.0 \mathrm{C}$ (b) $-1.0 \mathrm{C}$ (c) $1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}$ (d) $-1.6 \times 10^{-19} \mathrm{C}$

Write the ground-state electron configuration for the common ion formed by each of the following elements:
(a) nitrogen
(b) strontium
(c) bromine

Spell each of the following words/adding the suffix that is given

Example: pity + ful = $\underline{\textit{pitiful}}$

promote + ion = _______________

Write the ground-state electron configuration for the common ion formed by each of the following elements:
(a) chlorine
(b) sulfur
(c) calcium

The motion of ion charges in a liquid or gas is called a. the corona effect. b. hole flow. c. superconductivity. d. ionization current.

Determine the number of moles of (ach ion in one mole of the following compounds. For each polyatomic iondalso determine the number of moles of each atom present in one mole of the ion.

a. $\mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_2$

b. $\mathrm{Al}_2\left(\mathrm{CrO}_4\right)_3$

A proton is at the origin and an ion is at $x=5.0 \mathrm{~nm}$. If the electric field is zero at $x=-5.0 \mathrm{~nm}$, what's the ion's charge?