An example of a "pick-up" nuclear reaction is $_{2}^{3} \mathrm{He}+ _{6}^{12} \mathrm{C} \rightarrow \mathrm{X}+\alpha .$ What is the resulting nucleus?

Calculate the nuclear binding energy of the nucleus ${ }_{11}^{23} \mathrm{Na}$. The measured atomic mass of $\frac{23}{11} \mathrm{Na}$ is $22.989767$ amu.

An oxygen isotope, ${ }_{8}^{16} \mathrm{O}$, has a nuclear mass of 15.994915 u. a. What is the mass defect of this isotope? b. What is the binding energy of its nucleus?

Suppose an organism usually has 24 chromosomes in its nucleus. How many chromatids would it have just after the $S$ phase of the cell cycle?

Give the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus of each of the following: (16.1) a. boron-10 b. zinc-72 c. iron- 59 d. gold-198

A nucleus of 4 neutrons and 4 protons that is surrounded by 2 orbiting electrons is

(a) a positive ion.

(b) a negative ion.

(c ) an alpha particle

(d) a beta particle

The element oxygen has three naturally occurring isotopes, with 8, 9, and 10 neutrons in the nucleus, respectively. Write the full chemical symbols for these three isotopes.

Thorium-231 is the product of alpha emission. It is radioactive and emits beta radiation. Determine (a) the parent nucleus of Th-231. (b) the daughter product of Th-231 decay.

Determine the symbol ${ }_Z^A \mathrm{X}$ for the parent nucleus whose $\alpha$ decay produces the same daughter as the $\beta^{-}$decay of thallium ${ }_{81}^{208} \mathrm{Tl}$.

Positive and negative charges are attracted to one another. Which of the following are attracted to a negative charge: an electron, a proton, a neutron, a nucleus, an atom? Explain your thinking.

How many protons and how many neutrons are there in a nucleus of
(a) neon, $76 \mathrm{Ne}$
(b) zinc, 557 ( $\mathrm{Z}$
(c) silver, ${ }^{10} \mathrm{Ag}$.

Near the surface of the nucleus of a lead atom, the electric field has a strength of $3.4 \times 10^{21} \mathrm{~V} / \mathrm{m}$. What is the energy density in this field?

Show that the magnetic dipole moment M of an electron orbiting the proton nucleus of a hydrogen atom is related to the orbital momentum $L$ of the electron by

$$M=\frac{e}{2 m} L.$$

Natural aluminum is all $_{13}^{27} \mathrm{Al}$. If it absorbs a neutron, what does it become? Does it decay by $\beta^{+}$ or $\beta^{-} ?$ What will be the product nucleus?