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Question

An ideal II in R[x1,,xn]R\left[x_{1}, \ldots, x_{n}\right] is called a homogeneous ideal if whenever pIp \in I then each homogeneous component of pp is also in II . Prove that an ideal is a homogenecus ideal if and only if it may be generated by homogeneous polynomials, [Use inducticn on degrees to show the "if" implication. The following exercise shows that some care must be taken when working with polynomials over noncommutative rings RR (the ring operations in R[x]R[x] are defined in the same way as for commutative rings R,R, in perticular when considering polynomials as functions.

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\hspace*{5mm} Let R\Bbb{R} be a ring and II ideal in R\Bbb{R}.

We suppose that II is a homogeneous ideal. AA is generating set of II. A\overline{A} denote the set of all homogeneous component of elements in AA.

\hspace*{5mm}From this we have: A(A)A \subseteq ( \overline{A}), and I(A).I \subseteq ( \overline{A}) .

But II is homogeneous ideal and from it we have I(A).I \supseteq ( \overline{A}) .

From I(A)I \subseteq ( \overline{A}) and I(A)I \supseteq ( \overline{A}) we conclude A=(A)\mathbf{A = ( \overline{A})}, and

I may be generated by a homogeneous polynomial.

\hspace*{5mm} Suppose A={ai}A=\left \{ a_i \right \}.

This part we prove by induction on aa

For nkn \geq k: \hspace*{3mm} If aa is a polynomial of degree at most n, then every component of a is in II.

For n+1n +1:

\hspace*{3mm} a=iria+isiaia=\sum_{i}r_ia+\sum_{i} s_ia_i where isiai\sum_{i} s_ia_i consist only of degree n+1n+1 polynomial in AA.

iria\hspace*{3mm}\sum_{i}r_ia consist of homogeneous components of aa at most degree nn and iria\sum_{i}r_ia is in II.

\hspace*{3mm}Each homogeneous components of aa at most degree nn is in II

isiai=a+iria\hspace*{7mm}\sum_{i} s_ia_i=a+\sum_{i}r_ia degree n+1n+1 is in II.

\hspace*{7mm} Every homogeneous components of aa is in II.

An Ideal is homogeneous ideal if and only if it may be generated by homogeneous polynomial.

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