An individual with an exceptional memory is identified. She is capable of recalling major events, the weather, and what she did on any given date. What research method is being used if a psychologist conducts an in-depth investigation of this individual including questionnaires, brain scans, and memory tests? a. Naturalistic observation, b. Survey, c. Interview, d. Case study, e. Correlational method.

The purpose of random assignment is to: a. allow participants in both the experimental and control groups to be exposed to the independent variable. b. ensure that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected to participate in the research. c. eliminate the placebo effect. d. reduce potential confounding variables. e. generate operational definitions for the independent and dependent variables.

A researcher looking for gender differences in 3-year-olds observes a preschool class and records how many minutes children of each gender play with dolls. She then compares the two sets of numbers. What type of descriptive research is she conducting? a. Case study b. Experiment c. Random sample method d. Naturalistic observation e. Survey.

Researchers are interested in finding out if voters are more likely to vote for congressional candidates who have more pleasant facial expressions. Starting at a random point, the researchers contact every hundredth person on the voter list to ask about candidate facial expressions. Which method are the researchers using in choosing the people they will call? a. Random sample. b. Periodic sample. c. Biased sample. d. Survey. e. Operational definition.

When there is a negative charge inside an axon and a positive charge outside it, the neuron is a. in the process of reuptake. b. not in the refractory period. c. said to have a resting potential. d. said to have an action potential. e. depolarizing.

When there is a negative charge inside an axon and a positive charge outside of it, the neuron is a. in the process of reuptake. b. about to begin the refractory period. c. said to have a resting potential. d. said to have an action potential. e. depolarizing.

In 2000, 58% of females aged 15 and older lived alone, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. A sociologist tests whether this percentage is different today by conducting a random sample of 500 females aged 15 and older and finds that 285 are living alone. Is there sufficient evidence at the $\alpha$=0.1 level of significance to conclude the proportion has changed since 2000?

Which of the following is an example of hindsight bias? a. Tom is certain that electric cars will represent 80 percent of vehicles in twenty years and only reads research studies that support his hypothesis. b. Liza underestimates how much time it will take her to finish writing her college application essays and as a result fails to meet an important deadline. c. Experts predicting world events with 80 percent confidence turned out to be correct less than 40 percent of the time. d. Marcy cannot recognize a definition on a flashcard. After turning the card over and viewing the term, she tells herself she knew what the answer was all along. e. Dr. Grace overestimates how effectively her new treatment method works because she fails to seek out any evidence refuting her theory.

Which of the following is an example of negative correlation? a. People who spend more time exercising tend to weigh less. b. Teenage females tend to have fewer speeding tickets than teenage males. c. Students with lower IQ scores tend to have lower grades. d. As hours studying for a test decrease, so do grades on that test. e. Students' shoe sizes are not related to their grades.

Researchers are interested in finding out if winning Congressional candidates display more positive facial expressions than losing candidates. The researchers attend political debates and record how frequently each candidate displays positive facial expressions. Which research method are the researchers using? a. Random sample, b. Case study, c. Naturalistic observation, d. Survey, e. Interview.

Which of the following is used only in correlation studies? a. Double blind, b. Placebo, c. Random assignment, d. Scatterplot, e. Random sample.

In an experiment to test the effects of room temperature on test performance the independent variable is a. the scores on the test be fore the experiment begins. b. the scores on the test at the end of the experiment. c. whether the teacher was male or female. d. the temperature of the room. e. the style of test (multiple choice versus essay).

Which of the following is an unlearned, complex behavior exhibited by all members of a species? a. Reflex. b. Drive. c. Incentive. d. Instinct. e. Motive.

What must a researcher do to fulfill the ethical principle of informed consent? a. Keep information about participants confidential. b. Allow participants to choose whether to take part. c. Protect participants from potential harm. d. Provide participants with a pre-experimental explanation of the study. e. Provide participants with a post-experimental explanation of the study.