A(n)_________ eliminates the need to place a function definition before all calls to the function.

What is the need for RAM, when it is completely volatile?

• Write a program that calculates the average of a group of test scores, where the lowest score in the group is dropped. It should use the following functions:
• void getScore() should ask the user for a test score, store it in a reference parameter variable, and validate that it is not lower than 0 or higher than 100. This function should be called by main once for each of the five scores to be entered.
• void calcAverage() should calculate and display the average of the four highest scores. This function should be called just once by main and should be passed the five scores.
• int findLowest() should find and return the lowest of the five scores passed to it. It should be called by calcAverage, which uses the function to determine which one of the five scores to drop.

When only a copy of an argument is passed to a function, it is said to be passed by _________.

Special variables that hold copies of function arguments are called _________.

The Fast Freight Shipping Company charges the following rates:

Write a program that asks for the weight of a package and the distance it is to be shipped. This information should be passed to a calculateCharge function that computes and returns the shipping charge to be displayed . The main function should loop to hand le multiple packages until a weight of 0 is entered .

Write a program that determines which of a company’s four divisions (Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, and Southwest) had the greatest sales for a quarter. It should include the following two functions, which are called by main.

• double getSales() is passed the name of a division. It asks the user for a division’s quarterly sales figure, validates that the input is not less than 0, then returns it. It should be called once for each division.
• void findHighest() is passed the four sales totals. It determines which is the largest and prints the name of the high grossing division, along with its sales figure.

Values that are sent into a function are called _________.

Read the following program statement and then come to class prepared to discuss how you would design the program. How many modules would you use? What task would each one handle? How would you organize them? That is, which modules would call which other modules? Be prepared to state the advantages of your design.

Artistic Solutions, a painting company, has determined that for every 160 square feet of wall space, one gallon of paint, and three hours of labor are required. The company charges $28 per hour for labor. Design a modular program that allows the user to enter the number of rooms that are to be painted, the approximate square feet of wall space in each room (it may differ from room to room), and the price of the paint per gallon. It should then create a report that includes a fancy company header and displays the following information:

• The number of gallons of paint required (rounded up to the next full gallon)
• The hours of labor required
• The cost of the paint
• The labor charges
• The total cost of the paint job

In physics, an object that is in motion is said to have kinetic energy. The following formula can be used to determine a moving object's kinetic energy:

$$KE =1/2 mv^2$$

The variables in the formula are as follows:

• KE is the kinetic energy in joules,
• m is the object's mass in kilograms,
• and v is the object's velocity in meters per second.

Write a function named kineticEnergy that accepts an object's mass (in kilograms ) and velocity (in meters per second) as arguments. The function should return the amount of kinetic energy that the object has. Demonstrate the function by calling it in a program that asks the user to enter values for mass and velocity.

Either a function’s _________ or its _________ must precede all calls to the function.

Find the Errors:

A

void total(int value1, value2, value3)
{
    return value1 + value2 + value3;
}

B

double average(int value1, int value2, int value3)
{
    double average;
    average = value1 + value2 + value3 / 3;
}

C

void area(int length = 30, int width)
{
    return length * width;
}

D

void getValue(int value&)
{
    cout << "Enter a value: ";
    cin >> value&;
}

E

// Overloaded functions
int getValue()
{
    int inputValue;
    cout << "Enter an integer: ";
    cin >> inputValue;
    return inputValue;
}
double getValue()
{
    double inputValue;
    cout << "Enter a floating-point number: ";
    cin >> inputValue;
    return inputValue;
}

Write a function named biggest that receives three integer arguments and returns the largest of the three values.

Write a function named getNumber, which uses a reference parameter to accept an integer argument. The function should prompt the user to enter a number in the range of 1 through 100. The input should be validated and stored in the parameter variable.