Answer a, b, and c.

a) Briefly explain the significance of ONE of the following during Reconstruction in the South during this period.

scalawags

carpetbaggers

African American legislators

b) Briefly explain the effects of ONE of the following on African Americans in the South during this period.

Black Codes

sharecropping

Ku Klux Klan

c) Briefly explain the impact of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson on Reconstruction.

Analyze the similarities and differences in the various influences and approaches toward unity in the English colonies in the period of the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.

To what extent was the demand for no taxation without representation both the primary force motivating the American revolutionary movement and a symbol for democracy?

"The Civil War was not inevitable; it was the result of extremism and failures of leadership on both sides." Assess the validity of this statement, using the following documentation and your knowledge of the period from one thousand eight hundred and forty to one thousand eight hundred and sixty one.

Answer a, b, and c.

a) Briefly explain why ONE of the following best supports the view that slavery largely ended during the Civil War before the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.

President Lincoln

U.S. Congress

enslaved African Americans

b) Contrast your choice against ONE of the other options, demonstrating why that option is not as good as your choice.

c) Briefly describe what role, if any, slaves played in the war.

Analyze and evaluate the importance and efforts of the Americans in gaining international support during the Revolutionary War.

Answer (a), (b), and (c). a. Briefly explain ONE specific historical similarity between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. b. Briefly explain ONE specific historical difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution. c. Briefly explain ONE specific historical event, development, or circumstance that led to the difference you indicated in (b).

"The statistics of crime demonstrate that the moral superiority of the slave over the free laborer is still greater than his superiority in animal well-being. There never can be among slaves a class so degraded as is found about wharves and suburbs of cities. The master requires ordinary morality and industry ....

"The free laborer rarely has a house and home of his own; he is insecure of employment; sickness may overtake him at any time and deprive him of the means of support; old age is certain to overtake him, if he lives, and generally finds him without the means of subsistence; his family is probably increasing in numbers and is helpless and burdensome to him."

-George Fitzhugh, lawyer, Sociology for the South, $1854$

"You relied on the Constitution. It has not the word "slave " in it; and very good argument has shown that it would not warrant the crimes that are done under it. ...

"For one would have said that a Christian would not keep slaves; but the Christians keep slaves. Of course they will not dare read the Bible. Won't they? They quote the Bible, quote Paul, quote Christ to justify slavery. If slavery is good, then is lying, theft, arson, homicide, each and all good, and to be main­ tained by Union societies?

"These things show that no forms, neither constitutions, nor laws, nor covenants, nor churches, nor Bibles, are of any use in themselves. The devil nestles comfortably into them all. There is no help but in the head and heart and hamstrings of a man."

-Ralph Waldo Emerson, lecturer and author, speech on the Fugitive Slave Law, $1854$

Using the excerpts, answer a, b, and c.

a) Briefly explain the main point of the excerpt by Fitzhugh.

b) Briefly explain the main point of the excerpt by Emerson.

c) Provide ONE piece of evidence from the period $1830 to 1860$ that is not included in the excerpts and explain how it supports the interpretation in either excerpt.

Answer a, b, and c.

a) Briefly explain ONE important social or political response to the conflict over slavery in the period 1850 to 1855.

b) Briefly explain ONE important social or political response to the conflict over slavery in the period 1855 to 1860.

c) Briefly explain ONE important reason for the change in response from earlier parts?

Answer a, b, and c.

a)Choose ONE of the forces listed below, and explain how this best demonstrates this statement: "The development of the territory west of the Mississippi River during the period between $1820 and 1860$ was driven by a number of forces."

nationalism

new technology

population growth

b) Contrast your choice against ONE of the other options, demonstrating why that option is not as good as your choice.

c) Briefly explain the role ONE of the following men played in this westward development.

Sam Houston

Samuel F. B. Morse

James Polk

Answer a, b, and c.

a) Briefly explain why ONE of the following best supports the view that Lincoln was one of the most democratic and also one of the most autocratic of presidents.

Emancipation Proclamation

Gettysburg Address

habeas corpus

b) Contrast your choice against ONE of the other options, demonstrating why that option is not as good as your choice.

c) Briefly identify ONE other president you believe combined the two qualities mentioned in the statement above.

Answer a, b, and c.

a) Choose ONE of the choices below, and explain how your choice had an impact on the industrial growth during this period from prior to the War of $1812$ to the middle of the $19$th century."

factory system

inventions

labor unions

b) Contrast your choice against one of the other options, demonstrating why that option is not as good as your choice.

c) Briefly explain whether there were any variations in industrial growth in different sections of the country.

"Though we have had war, reconstruction, and abolition as a nation, we still linger in the shadow and blight of an extinct institution. Though the colored man is no longer subject to be bought and sold, he is still surrounded by an adverse sentiment ... In his downward course he meets no resistance, but his course upward is resented and resisted at every step of his progress ... .

"If liberty, with us, is yet but a name, our citizenship is but a sham, and our suffrage thus far only a cruel mockery, we may yet congratulate ourselves upon the fact that the laws and institutions of the country are sound, just, and liberal. There is hope ... But until this nation shall make its practice accord with its Constitution and its righteous laws, it will not do to reproach the colored people of this country."

-Frederick Douglass, Speech, September $24, 1883$

Which best provides an example of how the "Constitution and its righteous laws," according to Douglass, provide hope for the "colored people of this country"?

(A) Wade-Davis Bill

(B) Amnesty Act of $1872$

(C ) Civil Rights Act of $1866$

(D) sixteenth Amendment

To what extent did Manifest Destiny and territorial expansion unite or divide the United States from one thousand eight hundred and thirty to one thousand eight hundred and sixty?