Assume that a simple random sample has been selected and test the given claim. Unless specified by your instructor, use either the P-value method or the critical value method for testing hypotheses. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value (or range of P-values), or critical value(s), and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.Listed below are the lead concentrations (in $\mu$g / g) measured in different Ayurveda medicines. Ayurveda is a traditional medical system commonly used in India. The lead concentrations listed here are from medicines manufactured in the United States (based on data from "Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in US and Indian Manufactured Ayurvedic Medicines Sold via the Internet," by Saper et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 300, No. 8). Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the mean lead concentration for all such medicines is less than 14 $\mu$g / g.

$$\begin{array} { c c c c c c c c c } { 3.0 } & { 6.5 } & { 6.0 } & { 5.5 } & { 20.5 } & { 7.5 } & { 12.0 } & { 20.5 } & { 11.5 } & { 17.5 } \end{array}$$

Assume that a simple random sample has been selected and test the given claim. Unless specified by your instructor, use either the P-value method or the critical value method for testing hypotheses. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value (or range of P-values), or critical value(s), and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration conducted crash tests of child booster seats for cars. Listed below are results from those tests, with the measurements given in hie (standard head injury condition units). The safety requirement is that the hie measurement should be less than 1000 hic. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the sample is from a population with a mean less than 1000 hic. Do the results suggest that all of the child booster seats meet the specified requirement?

$$774 \quad 649 \quad 1210 \quad 546 \quad 431 \quad 612$$

Assume that a simple random sample has been selected and test the given claim. Unless specified by your instructor, use either the P-value method or the critical value method for testing hypotheses. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value (or range of P-values), or critical value(s), and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Students of the author estimated the length of one minute without reference to a watch or clock, and the times (seconds) are listed below. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that these times are from a population with a mean equal to 60 seconds. Does it appear that students are reasonably good at estimating one minute?

$$69 \quad 81 \quad 39 \quad 65 \quad 42 \quad 21 \quad 60 \quad 63 \quad 66 \quad 48 \quad 64 \quad 70 \quad 96 \quad 91 \quad 65$$

Claim: Fewer than 95% of adults have a cell phone. In a Marist poll of 1128 adults, 87% said that they have a cell phone. Find the value of the test statistic.

Test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Assume that a simple random sample is selected from a normally distributed population. The Jefferson Valley Bank once had a separate customer waiting line at each teller window, but it now has a single waiting line that feeds the teller windows as vacancies occur. The standard deviation of customer waiting times with the old multiple-line configuration was 1.8 min. Listed below is a simple random sample of waiting times (minutes) with the single waiting line. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that with a single waiting line, the waiting times have a standard deviation less than 1.8 min. What improvement occurred when banks changed from multiple waiting lines to a single waiting line?

$$\begin{array} { c c c c c c c c c } { 6.5 } & { 6.6 } & { 6.7 } & { 6.8 } & { 7.1 } & { 7.3 } & { 7.4 } & { 7.7 } & { 7.7 } & { 7.7 } \end{array}$$

Test the given claim. Assume that a simple random sample is selected from a normally distributed population. Use the traditional method of testing hypotheses unless your instructor indicates otherwise. The listed values are waiting times (in minutes) of customers at the Jefferson Valley Bank, where customers enter a single waiting line that feeds three teller windows. Test the claim that the standard deviation of waiting times is less than 1.9 min, which is the standard deviation of waiting times at the same bank when separate waiting lines are used at each teller window. Use a significance level of 0.05. Does the use of the single line appear to reduce the variation among waiting times? What is an advantage of reducing the variation among waiting times?

$$\begin{matrix} \text{6.5} & \text{6.6} & \text{6.7} & \text{6.8} & \text{7.1} & \text{7.3} & \text{7.4} & \text{7.7} & \text{7.7} & \text{7.7}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Listed below are the numbers of years it took for a random sample of college students to earn bachelor's degrees (based on data from the National Center for Education Statistics). Use a $0.01$ significance level to test the claim that for all college students,

Find the range, variance, and standard deviation for the given sample data. Include appropriate units (such as "minutes") in your results. (The same data were med in the Section where we found measures of center. Here we find measures of narration.) Then answer the given questions.

Listed below are the lead concentrations (in $\mu \mathrm{g} / \mathrm{g}$ ) measured in different Ayurveda medicines. Ayurveda is a traditional medical system commonly used in India. The lead concentrations listed here are from medicines manufactured in the United States. The data are based on the article "Lead, Mercury, and Arsenic in US and Indian Manufactured Ayurvedic Medicines Sold via the Internet," by Saper et al., Journal of she American Medical Association, Vol. 300, No. 8. Whar would be the values of the measures of variation if the medicines contained no lead?

Assume that a simple random sample has been selected from a normally distributed population and test the given claim. Unless specified by your instructor, use either the traditional method or P-value method for testing hypotheses. The world's smallest mammal is the bumblebee bat, also known as the Kitti's hog-nosed bat (or Craseonycteris thonglongyai). Such bats are roughly the size of a large bumblebee. Listed below are weights (in grams) from a sample of these bats. Test the claim that these bats come from the same population having a mean weight equal to 1.8 g.

$$\begin{matrix} \text{1.7} & \text{1.6} & \text{1.5} & \text{2.0} & \text{2.3} & \text{1.6} & \text{1.6} & \text{1.8} & \text{1.5} & \text{1.7} & \text{2.2} & \text{1.4} & \text{1.6} & \text{1.6} & \text{1.6}\\ \end{matrix}$$

Listed below are systolic blood pressure measurements (mm Hg) taken from the right and left arms of the same woman at different times (based on data from "Consistency of Blood Pressure Differences Between the Left and Right Arms," by Eguchi et al., Archives of Internal Medicine, Vol. 167). Are the data dependent or independent?

$$\begin{array} {|c | c | c | c | c | c | c | } \hline \text{Right arm}&102 & { 101 } & { 94 } & { 79 } & { 79 } \\ \hline \text{Left arm}&175 & { 169 } & { 182 } & { 146 } & { 144 } \\ \hline \end{array}$$

In a recent court case it was found that during a period of 11 years 856 people were selected for grand jury duty and 41% of them were from the same ethnicity Among the people eligible for grand jury duty, 79.7% were of this ethnicity Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the selection process is biased against allowing this ethnicity to sit on the grand jury Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, conclusion about the null hypothesis, and final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method and the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution.

What is the P-value? P value 0.0000 (Round to four decimal places as needed.)

What is the conclusion on the null hypothesis? Reject the null hypothesis because the P-value is greater than the significance level, Reject the null hypothesis because the P-value is less than or equal to the significance level, Fail to reject the null hypothesis because the P-value is greater than the significance level, Fail to reject the null hypothesis because the P-value is less than or equal to the significance level,

Does the jury selection system appear to be fair? There is not sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the selection process is biased against allowing this ethnicity to sit on the grand jury. The jury selection process appears to be fair There is sufficient evidence to warrant rejection of the claim that the selection process is biased against allowing this ethnicity to sit on the grand jury. The jury selection process appears to be fair There is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the selection process is biased against allowing this ethnicity to sit on the grand jury. The jury selection process appears to be unfair There is not sufficient evidence to support the claim that the selection process is biased against allowing this ethnicity to sit on the grand jury. The jury selection process appears to be unfair.

(a) identify the claim and state

$$H _ { 0 }$$

and

$$H _ { a }$$

, (b) find the critical value(s) and identify the rejection region(s), (c) find the standardized test statistic z, (d) decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis, and (e) interpret the decision in the context of the original claim. If convenient, use technology. A fast food restaurant estimates that the mean sodium content in one of its breakfast sandwiches is no more than 920 milligrams. A random sample of 44 breakfast sandwiches has a mean sodium content of 925 milligrams. Assume the population standard deviation is 18 milligrams. At

$$\alpha = 0.10$$

, do you have enough evidence to reject the restaurant’s claim?

Blood platelet counts of women have a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of 255.1 and a standard deviation of 65.4. (All units are 1000 cells/ $\mu$ L.) Using the empirical rule, what is the approximate percentage of women with platelet counts within 2 standard deviations of the mean, or between 124.3 and 385.9?

The lanthanide contraction explains which of the following periodic trends? The atomic radii of the transition metals first decrease and then increase when moving horizontally across each period.