Assuming normal conditions, note whether each of the following substances would be (a) in greater relative concentration in the urine than in the glomerular filtrate, (b) in lesser concentration in the urine than in the glomerular filtrate, or (c) absent from both the urine and the glomerular filtrate. Use an appropriate reference as needed.
____________1. water
___________ 2. phosphate ions
___________ 3. sulfate ions
___________ 4. potassium ions
___________ 5. sodium ions
__________6. amino acids
___________ 7. glucose
___________ 8. protein
___________ 9. red blood cells
___________ 10. urea
____________11. uric acid
___________ 12. creatinine
___________ 13. white blood cells
___________ 14. nitrites

Circle the correct underlined term. The average pH value of urine is $\underline{6.0 }$ / $\underline{11.0. }$

Explain the difference between organized and unorganized sediments. ___________________________________________

Name the three major nitrogenous wastes found in the urine. ___________________________________________________, _____________________________________________, and

The presence of abnormal constituents or conditions in urine may be associated with diseases, disorders, or other causes listed in the key. Select and list all conditions associated with each numbered item. Some numbered items will have multiple letters.
___________ 1. low specific gravity
___________ 2. high specific gravity
___________ 3. glucose
___________ 4. protein
___________ 5. blood cells
___________ 6. hemoglobin
___________ 7. bile pigments
___________ 8. ketone bodies
___________ 9. casts
___________ 10. pus
Key:
a. cirrhosis of the liver
b. diabetes insipidus (uncontrolled)
c. diabetes mellitus (uncontrolled)
d. eating a 2-lb box of sweets for lunch
e. glomerulonephritis
f. gonorrhea
g. hemolytic anemias
h. hepatitis
i. kidney stones
j. pregnancy, exertion
k. pyelonephritis
l. starvation