Belinda has a terrible headache. If she takes some aspirin so as to make her headache go away, this would be an example of

a. positive reinforcement. b. negative reinforcement. c. punishment. d. generalization.

Positive reinforcement results in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ in the target behavior and negative reinforcement results in $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ in the target behavior.

a. an increase; a decrease b. an increase; an increase c. a decrease; a decrease d. a decrease; an increase

Where do secondary reinforcers get their power from?

a. Classical conditioning b. Law of effect c. Observational theory d. Insight theory

Belinda takes some aspirin to make her headache go away. This is an example of a. positive reinforcement. c. punishment. b. negative reinforcement. d. generalization.

Caitlin works in the psychology department’s rat lab. In her studies, she found that many of her lab rats would develop a conditioned taste aversion to certain foods after as little as one trial. Caitlin’s psychology professor refers to this as a classic example of

a. biological preparedness. b. psychological preparedness. c. instinctive drift. d. stimulus substitution.

Where do secondary reinforcers get their power from? a. classical conditioning c. observational theory b. the law of effect d. insight theory

Blake finds that if he washes his car prior to going out on the town, more of his friends want to ride along with him. What theory would best explain his willingness to always wash and clean his car before going out?

a. Thorndike’s law of effect b. Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning c. Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning

In classical conditioning, behavior typically is $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$, whereas with operant conditioning, behavior is $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$.

a. rewarded; punished b. biological; internal c. voluntary; involuntary d. involuntary; voluntary

Positive reinforcement results in in the target behavior and negative reinforcement results in in the target behavior. a. an increase; a decrease c. a decrease; a decrease b. an increase; an increase d. a decrease; an increase

Ben gets paid every 2 weeks. Regardless of the total number of hours he works each week, he is paid every 2 weeks. What schedule of reinforcement is being used? a. fixed ratio c. fixed interval b. variable ratio d. variable interval

When you take aspirin to remove a headache, the removal of pain is ______________________.

During the cold winter, you have stopped taking your dog for walks. What’s more, your dog has gotten used to the fact that when you accidentally rattle his leash, he isn’t going for a walk, and subsequently he doesn’t come running to the front door. What has occurred?

a. stimulus generalization b. stimulus discrimination c. spontaneous recovery d. extinction

A child has been classically conditioned to fear a white rat. If the child does not show fear when shown a black rat, this is called a. stimulus generalization. c. spontaneous recovery. b.stimulus discrimination. d. extinction.

Rhonda had tartar sauce with her fish one night. The next morning she was nauseated and sick for much of the day. The next time she was offered the chance to go out for fish, she felt queasy and declined. Her queasiness at the thought of fish with tartar sauce was probably due to

a. higher-order conditioning. b. a conditioned taste aversion. c. stimulus substitution. d. stimulus generalization.