Related questions with answers

Many research studies have shown that different species may possess some of the exact same genes but show vastly different traits. How can that happen?

$\text{\blue{EVOLUTION CONNECTION}}$ We often explain our behavior in terms of subjective feelings, motives, or reasons, but evolutionary explanations are based on reproductive fitness. Can both kinds of explanation be valid? For instance, is an explanation for behavior such as “falling in love” incompatible with an evolutionary explanation?

$\text{\blue{DRAW IT}}$ You are considering two optimal foraging models for the behavior of a mussel-feeding shorebird, the oystercatcher. In model A, the energetic reward increases solely with mussel size. In model B, you take into consideration that larger mussels are more difficult to open. Draw a graph of reward (energy benefit on a scale of 0–10) versus mussel length (scale of 0–70 mm) for each model. Assume that mussels under 10 mm provide no benefit and are ignored by the birds. Also, assume that mussels start becoming difficult to open when they reach 40 mm in length and impossible to open when 70 mm long. Considering the graphs you have drawn, indicate what observations and measurements you would want to make in this shorebird’s habitat to help determine which model is more accurate.

Question

Researchers are very interested in studying identical twins separated at birth and raised apart. So far, the data reveal that such twins frequently have similar personalities, mannerisms, habits, and interests. What general question do you think researchers hope to answer by studying such twins? Why do identical twins make good subjects for this research? What are the potential pitfalls of this research? What abuses might occur if the studies are not evaluated critically? Explain your thinking.

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" $\textbf{Nature versus Nurture}$ " question is one of the oldest and most important questions between philosophy (non-empirical science) and psychology (empirical science).

$\textbf{Nature}$ refers to the genetics and hereditary factors affecting our being such as physical and psychological features.

$\textbf{Nurture}$ refers to the environmental factors affecting our being such as childhood experiences, surrounding culture, and social relationships.