Briefly explain why a positive result on a cancer test such as a mammogram does not necessarily mean that a patient has cancer.

Define the term cancer.

Two percent of woman of age 45 who participate in routine screening have breast cancer. Ninety percent of those with breast cancer have positive mammographies. Ten percent of the women who do not have breast cancer will also have positive mammographies. Given a woman has a positive mammography, what is the probability she has breast cancer?

Is it certain that someone who inherits a cancer gene will get cancer? Explain.

Why would overexpression of an MDR transporter in a cancer cell make the cancer more difficult to treat?

What is cancer?

Contrast the symptoms, spread, and prognosis of basal cell skin cancer with ovarian cancer by: a. presenting signs b. spread c. prognosis

In a certain small town, 16% of the population developed lung cancer. If 45% of the population are smokers, and 85% of those developing lung cancer are smokers, what is the probability that a smoker in this population will develop lung cancer?

Describe the needs of persons with cancer.

Squamous cell carcinomas are the second most common of the skin cancers and are capable of metastasizing if not treated. This cancer affects which cells? a. basal cells of the stratum basale b. melanocytes of the stratum basale c. keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum d. Langerhans cells of the stratum lucidum

What type of screening is most common for each cancer listed here:
prostate cancer

In patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia, an odd chromosome is seen in all the cancerous cells. A small piece of chromosome 9 is connected to chromosome $22$. This $9:22$ translocation has been termed the Philadelphia chromosome. How could a translocation cause genetic changes that result in cancer?

Why do you think that this graph does not show a significant decrease in lung cancer deaths? F. There is no relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer deaths. G. There has not been a significant decrease in cigarette smoking. H. Lung cancer takes years to develop. J. People survive longer with lung cancer now than in 1940.

How is vitamin B12 absorbed?