By using Figure $5.18$ to answer the following questions. a. Within a group of $500$ typical first-year college students, approximately how many have loans to help pay for their education? b. Can you conclude that some students who are satisfied with their coursework also text in class? Explain.

Decide whether the following statement is true or false. Explain your reasoning. A graph showing the yearly rate of change in the number of computer users has a slight downward trend, even though the actual number of users is rising

Suppose you wanted to test the claim that the majority of U.S. voters are satisfied with the government response to the opioid crisis. State the null and alternative hypotheses you would use in both words and symbols.

Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or quantitative, and explain why. The eye color of students in a class

Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or quantitative, and explain why. Daily snowfall (in inches) during January in Syracuse, New York

What is a frequency table? Explain what we mean by the categories and frequencies, and how we can use them to calculate relative frequencies and cumulative frequencies.

In the southwestern part of the map are letters $A$ and $B$. If you were to walk from $A$ straight to $B$, how would your elevation change? (1) You would walk uphill, continuously. (2) You would walk downhill, continuously. (3) You would walk uphill, then downhill. (4) You would walk downhill, then uphill.

By using Figure $5.14$ to answer the following question. a. For each of the four diseases individually, state whether its death rate increased, decreased, or remained nearly constant between $1900$ and $1950$. b. About when did the death rate for cardiovascular disease reach its highest value between $1900$ and $2015$, and what was the value? c. What was the approximate death rate due to cancer in $2000$? d. Based on the trends in the graph, speculate on which of these four diseases will be responsible for the most deaths in $2050$. Explain.

Explain the Frank-Starling law of the heart

The following table gives the percentage of electrical energy generated in the United States from various sources ( $2015$ data). Display the data as both a bar graph and pie chart. Then write a short paragraph discussing the pros and cons of each display in terms of interpretation:

$$\begin{array}{l|c} \text { Energy source } & \begin{array}{c} \text { Percentage of total } \\ \text { energy generated } \end{array} \\ \hline \text { Coal } & 33 \% \\ \text { Natural gas } & 33 \% \\ \text { Nuclear power } & 20 \% \\ \text { Renewables, non-hydropower } & 7 \% \\ \text { Hydropower } & 6 \% \\ \text { Other } & 1 \% \end{array}$$

Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or quantitative, and explain why. The flavors of ice cream sold at a delicatessen

Determine whether the following variable is qualitative or quantitative, and explain why. Home prices in a small town

Based solely on the information given, do you have reason to question the results or the methods used in the following hypothetical study? Explain your reasoning. A TV talk show host asks the TV audience to text " 1 " if they support and " 2 " if they oppose a law requiring background checks for all purchases of firearms.

The "Cooperative Congressional Election Study," published in $2014$, claimed to find evidence of voting by noncitizens. The conclusion was based largely on a $2008$ survey in which approximately $38,000$ registered voters were asked both whether they voted and whether they were citizens. A total of $339$ of those surveyed reported being noncitizens, and a total of $48$ of these people also said they voted. a. Based on the survey, what percentage of noncitizens claim to have voted? b. One difficulty with any survey is response error, in which, for example, people accidentally check the wrong box. Suppose that the response error rate for this survey was only $0.1 \%$, meaning that $99.9 \%$ of those surveyed answered the survey questions accurately. How many people would have answered the citizenship question incorrectly? (Note: Data suggest that most surveys have response error rates significantly higher than $0.1 \%$.) c. Assume that your result from part (b) represents citizens who accidentally said they were noncitizens when they were citizens, and that all these people voted. If all other results from this survey were accurate (though this is unlikely), how would this one set of errors change the number of noncitizens who voted? How large a response error could have accounted for all the noncitizen voting found in the survey? d. The $2008$ survey was repeated in $2010$, with some (but not all) of the same people asking the same questions about citizenship status and voting that year. There were indeed changes in responses to the citizenship question among those who participated in the survey both times, suggesting response errors. In addition, a total of $85$ people claimed to be noncitizens in both the $2008$ and $2010$ surveys, and among these zero reported having voted. How does this result support the claims of those people who say the study was flawed and that, in fact, it offered no evidence of noncitizen voting?