Calculate the mass percent $(\mathrm{m} / \mathrm{m})$ for the solute in each of the following solutions:

a. 75 g of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ in 325 g of $\mathrm{NaOH}$ solution

b. 2.0 g} of $\mathrm{KOH}$ and 20.0 g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$

c. 48.5 g of $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$ in 250.0 g of $\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3$ solution

Describe the formation of an aqueous KI solution.

Explain the following observations:

a. More sugar dissolves in hot tea than in iced tea.

b. Champagne in a warm room goes flat.

c. A warm can of soda has more spray when opened than a cold one.

A solution containing 80 g of $\mathrm{NaNO}_3$ in 75 g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ at $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is cooled to $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.

a. How many grams of $\mathrm{NaNO}_3$ remain in solution at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?

b. How many grams of solid $\mathrm{NaNO}_3$ crystallized after cooling?

A solution containing 80. g of KCl in 200 g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ at $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ is cooled to $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.

a. How many grams of KCl remain in solution at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?

b. How many grams of solid KCl crystallized after cooling?

Using the above table, determine whether each of the following solutions will be saturated or unsaturated at $50^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ :

a. Adding 25 g of KCl to 50 g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$

b. Adding 150 g of $\mathrm{NaNO}_3$ to 75 g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$

c. Adding 80. g of sugar to 25 g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$

Use the previous table to determine whether each of the following solutions will be saturated or unsaturated at $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ :

a. Adding 25 g of KCl to 100 g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$

b. Adding 11 g of $\mathrm{NaNO}_3$ to 25 g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$

c. Adding 400 g of sugar to 125g of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$

State whether each of the following refers to a saturated or unsaturated solution:

a. A crystal added to a solution does not change in size.

b. A sugar cube completely dissolves when added to a cup of coffee.

A Ringer's solution contains the following concentrations $(\mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L})$ of cations: $\mathrm{Na}^{+} 147, \mathrm{~K}^{+} 4$, and $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+} 4$. If $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$is the only anion in the solution, what is the $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$concentration, in milliequivalents per liter?

Identify the solute and the solvent in each solution composed of the following:

a. 50.0 g of silver and 4.0 g of mercury

b. 100.0 mL of water and 5.0 g of sugar

c. 1.0 g of $\mathrm{Br}_2$ and 50.0 mL of methylene chloride

An intravenous solution contains $40 . \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L} \mathrm{of} \mathrm{Cl}^{-}$and $15 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}$ of $\mathrm{HPO}_4{ }^{2-}$. If $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$is the only cation in the solution, what is the $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$concentration, in milliequivalents per liter?

An intravenous solution to replace potassium loss contains 40. $\mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}$ each of $\mathrm{K}^{+}$and $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$. How many moles each of $\mathrm{K}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$are in $1.5 \mathrm{~L}$ of the solution?

An intravenous saline solution contains $154 \mathrm{mEq} / \mathrm{L}$ each of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$. How many moles each of $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$and $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$are in $1.00 \mathrm{~L}$ of the saline solution?

Indicate the number of equivalents in each of the following:

a. 1 mole of $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$

b. 0.5 mole of $\mathrm{H}^{+}$

c. 4 moles of $\mathrm{Cl}^{-}$

d. 2 moles of $\mathrm{Fe}^{3+}$