Carbon disulfide, $\mathrm{CS}_2$, is a volatile, flammable liquid. It has a vapor pressure of $400.0 \mathrm{mmHg}$ at $28.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and $760.0 \mathrm{mmHg}$ at $46.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. What is the heat of vaporization of this substance?

Chloroform, $\mathrm{CHCl}_3$, a volatile liquid, was once used as an anesthetic but has been replaced by safer compounds. Chloroform boils at $61.7^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and has a heat of vaporization of $31.4 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$. What is its vapor pressure at $36.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ ?

If atoms of a metallic element react with atoms of a nonmetallic element, which element loses electrons and which element gains them?

An element crystallizes with a simple cubic lattice with atoms at all the lattice points. If the radius of the atom is 200 . pm, what is the volume of the unit cell? a. $8.00 \times 10^6 \mathrm{pm}^3$ b. $6.40 \times 10^7 \mathrm{pm}^3$ c. $4.00 \times 10^4 \mathrm{pm}^3$ d. $1.60 \times 10^5 \mathrm{pm}^3$ e. $6.00 \times 10^7 \mathrm{pm}^3$

Which of the following would release the most heat? Assume the same mass of $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ in each case. a. Cooling the $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ sample from $20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $-1.0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ b. Heating the $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ sample from $-15^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $60^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ c. Cooling the $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ sample from $95^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $74^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ d. Cooling the $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ sample from $123^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $101^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ e. Cooling the $\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}$ sample from $105^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ to $84^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$

Describe the distinguishing characteristics of a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid.

The pressure in a cylinder of nitrogen continuously decreases as gas is released from it. On the other hand, a cylinder of propane maintains a constant pressure as propane is released. Explain this difference in behavior.

Why is heat of fusion of a substance always smaller than its heat of vaporization?

Explain why $15 \mathrm{~g}$ of steam at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ melts more ice than $15 \mathrm{~g}$ of liquid water at $100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.

Water at $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ was placed in a dish inside a vessel maintained at low pressure by a vacuum pump. After a quantity of water had evaporated, the remainder froze. If $9.31 \mathrm{~g}$ of ice at $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ was obtained, how much liquid water must have evaporated? The heat of fusion of water is $6.01 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$ and its heat of vaporization is $44.9 \mathrm{~kJ} / \mathrm{mol}$ at $0^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$.

Kohanna thinks that everyone who smiles must always be happy, and those people who are quiet must be naturally shy. Such assumptions are the basis for

a. stereotypes. b. implicit personality theory. c. attribution theory. d. attitudes.

Isopropyl alcohol, $\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH} \mathrm{OH} \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_3$ , is used in rubbing alco hol mixtures. Alco hol on the skin cools by evaporation . How much heat is absorbed by the alco hol if 2.25 g evaporates? The heat of vaporization of isopropyl alcohol is 42.1 kJ/mol.

1. Why did researchers initially believe the genetic material was protein?

a. Proteins are more biochemically complex than DNA.

b. Proteins are found only in the nucleus, but DNA is found in many areas of the cell.

c. Proteins are much larger molecules and can store more information than DNA.

d. all of the above

e. both a and c

2. Considering the components of a nucleotide, what component is always different when comparing nucleotides in a DNA strand and in an RNA strand?

a. phosphate group

b. pentose sugar

c. nitrogenous base

d. both b and c

e. a, b, and c