Choose the best answer to given of the following. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentence.\ Some nitrogen atoms have seven neutrons and some have eight neutrons; these two forms of nitrogen are
(a) ions of each other.
(b) phases of each other.
(c) isotopes of each other.

If there is going to be a total lunar eclipse tonight, then you know that:
a) the Moon's phase is full.
b) the Moon's phase is new.
c) the Moon is unusually close to Earth.

Match the correct vocabulary word(s) with each definition given.

Match the correct vocabulary word(s) with each definition given.

area of reduced precipitation on one side of a mountain range

Choose the best answer to given of the following. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentence.
Compared to an atom as a whole, an atomic nucleus is
(a) very tiny but has most of the mass.
(b) quite large and has most of the mass.
(c) very tiny and has very little mass.

The graph above is a schematic spectrum of the planet Mars; Mars reflects visible sunlight and emits infrared light, refer to the numbered features of the graph and answer the following question.
Which portion(s) of the spectrum represent(s) reflected sunlight?
a. 1 only
b. 2, 3, and 4
c. 3 and 6
d. the entire spectrum

Choose the best answer to given of the following. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentence.
Ionization is the process by which
(a) electrons escape from atoms.
(b) liquid material enters the gas phase.
(c) molecules break apart into individual atoms.

Why do we say that light is an electromagnetic wave? Describe the relationship among wavelength, frequency, and speed for light.

Choose the best answer to given of the following. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentence.
Radio waves are
(a) a form of sound.
(b) a form of light.
(c) a type of spectrum.

Choose the best answer to given of the following. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentence.
Compared to red light, blue light has higher frequency and
(a) higher energy and shorter wavelength.
(b) higher energy and longer wavelength.
(c) lower energy and shorter wavelength.

Choose the best answer to given of the following. Explain your reasoning with one or more complete sentence.
Why is a sunflower yellow?
(a) It emits yellow light.
(b) It absorbs yellow light.
(c) It reflects yellow light.

Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly.
If a distant galaxy has a substantial redshift (as viewed from Earth), then anyone living in that galaxy would see a substantial redshift in a spectrum of the Milky Way Galaxy.

Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly.
Galaxies that show redshifts must be red in color.

Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly.
If you could view a spectrum of light reflecting off a blue sweatshirt, you’d find the entire rainbow of color (looking the same as a spectrum of white light).

Decide whether the statement makes sense (or is clearly true) or does not make sense (or is clearly false). Explain clearly.
If the Sun’s surface became much hotter (while the Sun’s size remained the same), the Sun would emit more ultraviolet light but less visible light than it currently emits.