Compare and contrast a model with a theory.

For the following three reactions, identify the reactants that are Arrhenius bases, Bronsted-Lowry bases, and/or Lewis bases. State which type(s) of bases each reactant is. Explain your answers. a.

$$\mathrm { NaOH } ( s ) \longrightarrow \mathrm { Na } ^ { + } ( a q ) + \mathrm { OH } ^ { - } ( a q )$$

, b.

$$\mathrm { HF } ( a q ) + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } ( l ) \longrightarrow \mathrm { F } ^ { - } ( a q ) + \mathrm { H } _ { 3 } \mathrm { O } ^ { + } ( a q )$$

, c.

$$\mathrm { H } ^ { + } ( a q ) + \mathrm { NH } _ { 3 } ( a q ) \longrightarrow \mathrm { NH } _ { 4 } ^ { + } ( a q )$$

For the reaction below, label each reactant as an electron pair acceptor or electron pair donor and as a Lewis acid or a Lewis base.

$$\mathrm { AlCl } _ { 3 } + \mathrm { Cl } ^ { - } \longrightarrow \mathrm { AlCl } _ { 4 } ^ { - }$$

Label each reactant in the reaction below as a proton donor or a proton acceptor and as acidic or basic.

$$\mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { CO } _ { 3 } + \mathrm { H } _ { 2 } \mathrm { O } \Longleftrightarrow \mathrm { HCO } _ { 3 } ^ { - } + \mathrm { H } _ { 3 } \mathrm { O } ^ { + }$$

Sketch the titration curve for 50.0 mL of 0.10 M

$$\mathrm { NH } _ { 3 }$$

that is titrated with 0.10 M HCl.

Suppose that 20.0 mL of 0.010 M

$$\mathrm { Ca } ( \mathrm { OH } ) _ { 2 }$$

is required to neutralize 12.0 mL of aqueous HCl solution. What is the molarity of the HCl solution?

Name an appropriate indicator for titrating the following: a. a strong acid and a weak base, b. a strong base and a weak acid

If 20.0 mL of 0.0100 M aqueous HCl is required to neutralize 30.0 mL of an aqueous solution of NaOH, determine the molarity of the NaOH solution.

A

$$\mathrm { Ca } ( \mathrm { OH } ) _ { 2 }$$

solution has a pH of 8.0. Determine the following for the solution: a.

$$\left[ \mathrm { H } _ { 3 } \mathrm { O } ^ { + } \right]$$

, b.

$$\left[ \mathrm { OH } ^ { - } \right]$$

, c.

$$\left[ \mathrm { Ca } ( \mathrm { OH } ) _ { 2 } \right]$$

A solution contains $4.5 \times 10^{-3} \mathrm{M} \mathrm{HCl}$. Determine the values of $\left[\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{O}^{+}\right]$, $\left[\mathrm{OH}^{-}\right]$, and $\mathrm{pH}$ for the solution.

Completa los comentarios usando el pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo.

Cuando anunciaron a los ganadores, me dio mucha vergüenza ser el director del laboratorio. Desafortunadamente, la única solución que ________ (ser) posible —empezar de nuevo con los proyectos— no era una opción.

Completa los comentarios usando el pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo.

De todas formas, yo me alegré de que los estudiantes ___________ (intentar) un experimento tan innovador.

Write equations for the three-step ionization of phosphoric acid,

$$\mathrm { H } _ { 3 } \mathrm { PO } _ { 4 }$$

. Compare the degree of ionization for the three steps.

Identifica la palabra o la frase que no pertenece al grupo. (Tell which word or phrase doesn’t belong in the group.) cazar, cruzar, seguir derecho, doblar a la izquierda